German and UK Approaches to Immigration

German and UK Approaches to ImmigrationOver the last number of decades, migration into the EU has become a key phenomenon. According to figures from the OECD, towards the closure of the 20th century an estimated figure in the region of 20 billion migrants where living in the EU. That accounted for 5.3% of the thorough population. That figure has grown to 7.3% in 2003. These migrant movements come from various backgrounds. M both eventors including governmental instability, media, and transport services, demographic and economic development collect led to greater migration into the EU. The large influx of immigrants to the UK from India and Pakistan in the 1960s resulted in rearingal and cultural diversity policies to develop. In the 20th century EU countries have not purposely line up out to frame of reference a multicultural society. What we mean by a multicultural society is a society consisting of many cultural or ethnic groups sharing the same office. There argon many economic and political reasons which lead to both a long terminal figure and a short term migration into the EU. Countries that saw a huge influx of migrants from neighbouring countries faced similar challenges with check to consolidation. There was no one governing body by which these countries set out a be defecaten of policies to accommodate these migrants, but each developed a different approach.In this paper I will discuss the difference amidst two major countries when it comes to commodeing with immigrants. These two countries/states are Germany and the get together Kingdom. Each country will have its point of view when it comes to gentility systems for both, children and adult migrants, practice systems, how they accommodated their spiritual beliefs. I have decided to not to generalise the EU as a whole, but chose countries that I feel have had different approach to immigrants.All countries adhere to basic democratic values and valet de chambre rights they are e xcessively submitted to the same atomic number 63an Courts of Justice. By their very logic these values and rights cannot be dependent to citizens, but must generally be granted to non-citizens. The migrants have the same rights as the autochthonous, except political rights in the narrow sense. They are entitled to the same civil, economic and social rights. This was seen in the 1955 Treaty in the midst of Germany and Italy which gave the Italian workers the same conditions of pay, health insurance, unemployment and pension benefits. Germany never defined itself as a country of immigration. This perplexing stance has been reflected in its approach towards the integration of immigrants. The chief(prenominal) migrant groups in Germany are Guestworkers who entered Germany between 1950 and 9175. Their immigration was considered temporary and thither was no need for integration. The reciprocal ohm group were Ethnic Germans from eastern Europe. These immigrants are of German origin. Immigrants who had German ancestors.EducationA study carried out by the Economic Cooperation and learning in Germany on the 15th of May 2006 show that German schools have failed when it comes to educating immigrant children. The study compared the native German students to those what we consider first- coevals immigrants between 18 countries, one of which is Germany. The results were quite unsettling as the OECD showed that, students born outside of Germany perform advantageously downstairs the average first-generation immigrants in the list of countries surveyed. This was not the first time that Germanys training system was criticised. In 2000, Program for International student Assessment (PISA) carried out a survey in which Germany was located in the bottom third of industrialised nations surveyed. The next day the results were made public. Annette Schavan, the minister of Education pass on for money to be spent on schools. Annette quoted saying we also need a new living c oncept. Policies were taken to ensure the development of better grooming system for first and second generation children in Germany. In July 12th 2007, Chancellor Angela Merkel revealed the National Integration Plan. This plan will provide local anaesthetic and state officials with a federal framework for conducting immigrant integration programs. The NIP highlighted better educational opportunities for first and second generation youth. It ensured that more immigrants enter the upper educational tracks.In contrast, the UK has shown surprisingly very different results. Surveys also carried out by the OECD showed that first and second generation immigrant students have on average higher levels of education when compared to native students. However, these educational advantages have not resulted in successful employment for these immigrants. In detail, the gap in terms of employment for both groups is quite dramatic despite the fact that the same system of education is provided fo r both immigrants and white natives. When it comes to education in the UK, they have noticed that minority children do in fact acquire a good k at a timeledge of the position language from their peers outside school as rise as from listening to their teachers. Despite that the education system was altered slightly, whether its taking a last to hold a child a year back in order to improve his English, so as to be prepared for 2nd level education or the addition of extra English classes. In Ireland, a similar method was used.EmploymentAs mentioned in the introduction, the majority of immigrants in the UK in the 1960s were from India and Pakistan. Study carried out by the LFS which compares British born ethnic minorities and white natives showed that the majority of immigrants were fitted to attain jobs. This was great news but there was one problem which the UK faced and that was the difference between priapic and female minorities universe employed is quite big. Figures show th at more female women are being employed then to that of males. The UK had to take action in order to resolve the issue. The LFS found out that the main reason for this was that most immigrants have remarkably strong educational backgrounds. Figures also show that employment probabilities of Pakistanis male was as low as 23%. The labour market in the UK was described as a bleak picture. The chances of male workers attaining jobs are very low. To resolve the issue, new English language schools was set up by the government to balance these figures. In 2001, the LFS showed that such action was very successful as the ratio of male to female was balanced.In recent years the labour market in Germany for the integration of immigrants was quite similar to that of the natives. But Germany faced the opposite problem to that of the UK. Female immigrants had very low employment rates. The Turkish female immigrants, stand out as having particularly low rates of sanitary below 40%. Germany faced economic stagnation in the early 1990s. There was large decrease in immigrant employment when compared to nationals. Figures show that in 1990 there was a 10% decline in immigrant employment as opposed to 3% decline in natives being unemployed. Unlike the UK, the increase in unemployment for immigrants was not because of education but because of economic crisis. In order to rebalance the figures, a very different approach was taken. Germany had to take economic and political decisions. There was no action to limit the number of immigrants aloud into Germany but instead policies were more focused on international trade and attracting multinational companies. Between 1998 and 2000, the survey carried out by the LFS showed that there was a 12% increase in foreigners being employed.ReligionMany people consider Germany as a diverse country. Many also anticipate that it will become increasingly so over time. In 2006, there was what was considered a social cohesion as such that German poli ticians began to discriminate hostility toward Moslems. The PFRPL (Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life) ran a survey which showed that there are almost 4.5 million Muslims living in Germany. This accounted for 5.1% of the population in 2013. The German society is a homogenous one. racial discrimination is still pervasive in Germany. The image of Muslims after the September 11 has deteriorated as such Muslim religious believers has trickled into the German national public dialogue or in German Diskurs-Raum. There was a study carried by the University of Munster in 2010 found that Germans have a worse perception of adherents of non-Christian religions then any European country. Aggressive of violent attack on Muslims were expressed on Mosques and Muslim people. In oder to deal with this, Angela Merkel initiated an integration summit which opens the door for Germans to understand and learn about other religions and diversity. Many studies and research provided the natives with fa ct about Muslims in order to avoid any potential threats.There are over 1.1 million Muslims in the UK in 2001. This figure has tripled over the last decade to an astonishing 3.5 million within a decade. The Muslims have been very comfortably accepted in the UK to a stage that there are now over 85 Islamic Sharia courts. The British law accepted the Sharia Principles. There are over 110 mosques in the UK. The Muslim population has multiplied 10 times faster than the relief of the society over the last decade.ConclusionIn my opinion both societies have succeeded in converging with migrants. The education systems were altered slightly in both countries to accommodate migrant children as well as adults. Although I think the suggested approach to allow the cultures to coexist would truly show that the societies in the UK have accepted the migrant culture.Regarding the religious beliefs, the UK seem to have a slight advantage it terms of give the Muslims a sense of power. Many mosques i n UK are involved in political debates as well as the fact that, some well know politicians are Muslims. In Germany, there were no barriers when it comes to having permission to build mosques. A very high figure of 2,200 religious organisations shows that Germany has accommodated the religious beliefs of migrants.When it comes to employment, again both countries have provided the migrants with sufficient jobs even though they might have had problems due to the lack of the native language.Overall most European societies have converged with the migrants.ReferenceMigration and Social Integration of Migrants 2003, Luxembourg, accessed 11 February 2014, http//www.oi.acime.gov.ptSteven vertovec / SuSanne WeSSendorf. 2004. Assessing the backlash against multiculturalism in Europe. ONLINE Available athttp//www.mmg.mpg.de/fileadmin/user_upload/documents/wp/WP_09-04_Vertovec-Wessendorf_backlash.pdfMay, Stephen, 2001. Multiculturalism and education in Britain an internally contested debate. I nternational Journal of Educational research, Online. 35, 305-317. Available at http//www.tariqmodood.com/uploads/1/2/3/9/12392325/multiculturalism_education_britain.pdf .Spiegel. 2006. Integration and Education Immigrants in Germany Falling Behind. ONLINE Available athttp//www.spiegel.de/international/integration-and-education-immigrants-in-germany-falling-behind-a-416429.html.Eric Leise. 2007. Germany Strives to shuffle Immigrants with New Policies. ONLINE Available athttp//www.migrationinformation.org/Feature/display.cfm?id=610.Dustmann,C. and Theodoropoulos, N. 2010. ETHNIC MINORITY IMMIGRANTS AND THEIR CHILDREN IN BRITAIN .Oxford Economic Paper, Online. 62, 1-24. Available athttp//www.ucl.ac.uk/uctpb21/Cpapers/SubmissionOEP_June.pdfBmfsfj. 2001. Family policy challenges in the organisation of migration and integration. ONLINE Available athttp//www.bmfsfj.de/RedaktionBMFSFJ/Broschuerenstelle/Pdf-Anlagen/PRM-23893-Broschure-Integration-von-Fami,property=pdf,bereich=bmfsfj,sprach e=de,rwb=true.Thomas Liebig. 2007. The Labour Market Integration of Immigrants in Germany. ONLINE Available athttp//www.oecd.org/els/38163889.Naika Foroutan. 2013. Identity and (Muslims) Integration in Germany. ONLINE Available athttp//www.migrationpolicy.org/pubs/TCM-Germanycasestudy.pdfSoeren Kern. 2011. Britain vs. Muslim Immigration. ONLINE Available at http//www.gatestoneinstitute.org/2056/britain-vs-muslim-immigration