The Orthodox Tradition in Eastern Europe Essay -- Religion Russia 19th

The Jewish- Jewish-Orthodox custom in Eastern Europe by and by the 4th blow when Constantinople emerged as a great capital and church center, tensions sometimes arose betwixt its leaders and the bishop of capital of Italy. After the fall of Rome to Germanic invaders in 476, the papist pope was the more(prenominal) everywhere guardian of Christian universalism in the West. He began more explicitly to designate his dominance to Romes being the burial place of backer creature, whom Jesus had called the rock on which the church was to be built. The Eastern Christians view that tradition and recognized the papistical patriarch to a measure of sizable authority. But they never believed that this authority allowed the papacy to annul another church or that it made the pope into a universally reliable recruit within the larger church. The Orthodox tradition take a firm stand that the character and rights of the church were fully present in each local community of Orthodox believers with its own bishop. All bishops were equal, and patriarchs or synods of bishops exercised only an charge of cargon among the trunk of coequal bishops. The precedence of honor of individual guinea pig churches dep finish on historic rank. Therefore, the patriarchate of Constantinople understood its own position to be determined on the whole by the fact that Constantinople, the new Rome, was the seat of the Roman emperor moth and the Senate in a world where church boundaries, for administrative reasons, reflected policy-making limits.Apart from the disparate understandings of the personality of church power, the most significant arrogant difference betwixt Eastern and Western Christians arose over the exact show of the Nicene Creed. The Orthodox churches demanded that no words be added to or taken away from the antediluvian and fundamental statement of the faith, as issued by the councils of Nicaea and Constantinople in the 4th century. During the premature Mid dle Ages the Latin word filioque, meaning and from the Son, was added in the Latin Christian world, thus rendering the creed as I believe in the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father and from the Son. Charlemagne and his successors promoted the outburst, earlier opposed by the popes, in Europe. Eventually, it was as well as accepted in Rome in nearly 1014. Western theologians believed that this teaching preserved the spirit of the authorized creed. But Orthodox teachers believed that it had n... ...r tsars, capital of the Russian Federation had become the so-called third Rome, fill heir to the proud and ecclesiastical supremacy of ancient Rome and Constantinople. The patriarchs of Moscow never enjoyed anything worry the relative freedom of the Byzantine patriarchs, where church laws adjust the interference of the emperor and were generally respected. In Russia the tsars exercised complete domination over church affairs, miss for the brief reign of Patriarch Nikon in t he mid-17th century. In 1721 Tsar Peter the Great abolished the patriarchate altogether, and thereafter the church was governed done the imperial administration. The patriarchate was reestablished in 1917, at the time of the Russian Revolution, exclusively soon afterward the Russian church was violently persecuted by the commie government. As the Soviet regime became less repressive and, in 1991, skint up, the church started to reclaim its vitality. The Orthodox churches in Eastern Europe also faced persecution by oppressive Communist governments after World war II ended in 1945, but they too regained their authority in the 1990s and are slowly reestablishing their place in the moral, religious, and cultural animation of their people. The Orthodox Tradition in Eastern Europe Essay -- Religion Russia 19thThe Orthodox Tradition in Eastern EuropeAfter the 4th century when Constantinople emerged as a great capital and church center, tensions sometimes arose between its leaders and the bishop of Rome. After the fall of Rome to Germanic invaders in 476, the Roman pope was the only guardian of Christian universalism in the West. He began more explicitly to attribute his dominance to Romes being the burial place of Saint Peter, whom Jesus had called the rock on which the church was to be built. The Eastern Christians respected that tradition and recognized the Roman patriarch to a measure of honorable authority. But they never believed that this authority allowed the papacy to overrule another church or that it made the pope into a universally reliable figure within the larger church. The Orthodox tradition asserted that the character and rights of the church were fully present in each local community of Orthodox believers with its own bishop. All bishops were equal, and patriarchs or synods of bishops exercised only an oversight of care among the body of coequal bishops. The precedence of honor of individual national churches depended on histori cal rank. Therefore, the patriarchate of Constantinople understood its own position to be determined entirely by the fact that Constantinople, the new Rome, was the seat of the Roman emperor and the Senate in a world where church boundaries, for administrative reasons, reflected political limits.Apart from the different understandings of the personality of church power, the most significant doctrinal difference between Eastern and Western Christians arose over the exact wording of the Nicene Creed. The Orthodox churches demanded that no words be added to or taken away from the ancient and fundamental statement of the faith, as issued by the councils of Nicaea and Constantinople in the 4th century. During the early Middle Ages the Latin word filioque, meaning and from the Son, was added in the Latin Christian world, thus rendering the creed as I believe in the Holy Spirit who proceeds from the Father and from the Son. Charlemagne and his successors promoted the outburst, primarily opposed by the popes, in Europe. Eventually, it was also accepted in Rome in about 1014. Western theologians believed that this teaching preserved the spirit of the original creed. But Orthodox teachers believed that it had n... ...r tsars, Moscow had become the so-called third Rome, direct heir to the imperial and ecclesiastical supremacy of ancient Rome and Constantinople. The patriarchs of Moscow never enjoyed anything like the relative freedom of the Byzantine patriarchs, where church laws regulated the interference of the emperor and were generally respected. In Russia the tsars exercised complete domination over church affairs, except for the brief reign of Patriarch Nikon in the mid-17th century. In 1721 Tsar Peter the Great abolished the patriarchate altogether, and thereafter the church was governed through the imperial administration. The patriarchate was reestablished in 1917, at the time of the Russian Revolution, but soon afterward the Russian church was violently pers ecuted by the Communist government. As the Soviet regime became less repressive and, in 1991, broke up, the church started to regain its vitality. The Orthodox churches in Eastern Europe also faced persecution by oppressive Communist governments after World War II ended in 1945, but they too regained their authority in the 1990s and are slowly reestablishing their place in the moral, religious, and cultural life of their people.