Streetcar :: essays research papers

The play centers around Blanche DuBois, who has been fired from her teaching job, and arrives unannounced at the smallish two-room flatcar of her pregnant sister, Stella Kowalski. Stella, who lives with Stanley, her rough and domineering husband in a poor section of the French Quarter in New Orleans, welcomes her aged sister. Although Blanche portrays the part of an aristocratic young wo public, in actuality she is nothing more than an senescence Southern belle who has come to tell her sister that she has lost everything, including their childhood home, Belle Reve. Stanleys suspicious nature causes him to assume that Blanche is keeping money from Stella and immediately puts him at odds with her. Stanleys nature is violent and Blanche sees him as "common" in every way, so advises her sister to strike out against him. Stanley overhears this and cannot forgive Blanche, realizing her as a threat to his marriage. The two argue about everything, causing Stella to subscribe to between them. The main problem comes when Stanley unearths Blanches sordid past. Mitch, Stanleys prosperous friend, has gradually been seeing Blanche from the time of her arrival. As a last recede to save herself from Stanley and poverty, Blanche expresses her hopes to marry him. Blanches past however, is tainted due to her sleeping around and her affection for young boys. She blames this on her ex-husband, whom she found lying with another man and soon afterward killed himself. On her birthday, Stanley informs Mitch of her many affairs, causing the deterioration of their kind and killing Blanches hopes for the future. This causes a scene between Stanley and Stella, and as a result, she goes into early labor. The final conflict comes when Stanley and Blanche are alone in the apartment waiting for Stella to come home from the hospital. Stanley decides to take advantage of the situation and when he expresses his intentions, Blanche tries in vain to defend herself. The scene ends w ith her brutal rape by Stanley.

Guide to Web Research and MLA Essay

The World panoptic net is the broadest source of information today. Other than this fact, it is also accessible through with(predicate) the computer, take a leakn that it has Internet access. Since it has a broad source of information, people riding habit it for pedantic research, besides its use for entertainment. However, one major problem with Web searches is the published materials credibility since it is often open to a wide variety of audiences and contributors. Since the students reliability on Web research is increasing, then(prenominal) thither is a need to address the issue about the web sources credibility.One way to ensure the sources credibility is to evaluate the details on the website itselflike the author, date published, and web site title. These details can friend one to understand the worth and uniqueness of the information on the website since few information tend to be rehashes of the original one. To rat things simpler, it is quite best(predicate) to look at academic websiteslike university databasesand online scholarly journal sites. virtually of the time, the information here is quite credible since the authors from such websites rescue the documentation to prove their linguistic process worth.I believe everyone already had their fair theatrical role of frustration from web research. More often than non, the information that appears on the source base page tend to come from websites ranging from s get downly reliable to non-reliable. Other than that, I have also encountered links to websites wherein payment is required in effecting to gain access to the informationlike many online libraries. These problems can reprove students and force them into accepting the information regardless of its credibility. Furthermore, it can also obliterate the energy of students, making them more timid.The Modern Language Association or MLA is a language and writing institution developed in order to create a common attract of acade mic writing that the students, scholars, and members of the academia could follow. It basically provides a network upon which members from different places could share information and academic trends with opposites (MLA, 2008). Since the organization has a myriad of members wherein most are experts in the academe, their guide becomes a requirement in order to help the students and other members of the academe to organize their academic papers properly.Fighting Until the Very End of flavor The metrical composition Do non Go Gentle into that Good nighttime by Dylan doubting Thomas shares the struggle of a destruction person or a persons grief on the gradual freeing of a dying loved one. Basically, the rime centers on the theme of not better-looking up and biting until demolition. Once a person succumbs to the judgement of death, then he or she may already be considered dead. In a nutshell, the first stanza entails a persona telling the reader (or to whom the poem is dedi cated) to not give up easily and go troth against death and weaknessbasically, to become fierce.In stanzas two to five, the persona gives out specialized congressmans of fierce men never giving up, which in turn supports the first stanza. In stanza six, the persona addresses the reader (or to whom the poem is dedicated) to show him or her the delirium that he or she once had, or the fierceness of his or her soul, which would make the persona happy (Thomas, 1971). The persona of the poem may be Dylan Thomas himself, as he wrote this poem for his dying fathergrowing weaker from over-the-hill age and blindness.Throughout the poem, he sought to encourage his father to fight on for his life, no matter how inevitable death was (citation). Besides him creation the persona, it could also assume the role of a dying person who encourages others to fight on and to never give up until the very end. The persona assumes a sad yet encouraging tone throughout the poem. The phrases Do not go light into that good night and Rage, rage against the dying light are also reiterated throughout the poem in order to give emphasis to the theme of the poem.The persona also constantly reminds the reader and the stain person to never go down without a fight since giving up life early would mean that the person is just as good as dead already. The two connotative words that have been heavily used throughout the poem is night and (dying) light. Basically, night here could be referring to the dying person (not the persona) accepting his or her fate peacefully, although in that respect may as well be other connotations for this word.On the other hand, light or the phrase dying of the light could be pertaining to death, or at least weakness. The poem follows an alternating rhyme scheme, wherein the key words to follow are night and day. There is also a repeat of the two phrases Do not go low-spirited into that good night and Rage, rage against the dying light which gives more emphasis to the theme of the poem. The poems form and tone seem too soft and gentle for the poems subject which is death. This creates an irony that the persona is asking the dying person to become enraged against death.Metaphors and personifications are used throughout the poem, in order to give a hopeful tone for the personas beseeching of the dying person, instead of a tone associated with grief and loss. An example would be the stanza Though wise men at their end get dark is right, / Because their words had forked no lightning they / Do not go gentle into that good night (4-6).ReferencesThomas, D. (1971). Do not go gentle into that good night. Poets. org. Retrieved July 4, 2009 from http//www. poets. org/viewmedia. php/prmMID/15377. MLA. (2008). About the MLA. Retrieved July 4, 2009 from http//www. mla. org/about.

Balance Sheet and Net Sales

3 shows the December 31, cc9 master- forma relaxation sheet and income statements for R& vitamin A E Supplies, Inc. The pro- forma isotropy sheet shows that R& adenylic acid E Supplies ordain bring outer financial backing from the bank of $ 1. 4 million. However, they show $ 1. 27 million in funds and short- circumstance securities. wherefore ar they going to the bank when they squander most of the inevitable amount in their capital account? 2. professional person forma pecuniary statements, by definition, are predictions of a corporations financial statements at a future point in time.So why is it consequential to analyze the historical performance of the guild before constructing pro forma financial statements? 3. Suppose you constructed a pro forma remnant sheet for a partnership and the prefigure for external financing necessitate was negative. How would you find this result? 4. Harlin close in Companys sales, half of which are for change, over the pa st trinity months were August September October $70,000 $120,000 $80,000 a. Estimate Harlins cash receipts in October if the orders hookup period is 30 days. b.Estimate Harlins cash receipts in October if the callers collection period is 45 days. c. What would be the October balance of Accounts Receivable for Harlin Fencing if the companys collection period is 30 days? 45 days? 5. Suppose you constructed a pro forma balance sheet and a cash budget for a company for the same time period and the external financing required from the pro forma forecast exceeded the cash deficit estimated on the cash budget. How would you find out this result? 6. Table 3. 5 presents a computer spreadsheet for estimating R& adenylic acid E Sup-plies external financing required for 2009.The text mentions that with modifications to the equations for law and solve sales, the fore-cast can easily be extended through 2010. Write the circumscribed equations for equity and net sales. 7. use a computer s preadsheet, the information presented below, and the modified equations determined in question 6 above, extend the fore-cast for R& group A E Supplies contained in Table 3. 5 through 2010. Is R& Es external financing required in 2009 higher(prenominal) or lower than in 2010? R& E Supplies Assumptions for 2009 ($ thousands) issue range in net sales 30. 0% Tax come out 45. 0% Cost of goods sold/ net sales 86. % Dividend/ earnings afterwards impose 50. 0% Gen. , sell. & admin. contemporary assets/ net sales 29. 0% expenses/net sales 11. 0% shed light on fixed assets $270 Long- term debt $560 Current liabilities/ net sales 14. 4% Current portion long- term debt $ nose candy Inte take a breath rate 10. 0% 8.This and the following two problems demonstrate that pro forma forecasts, cash budgets and cash cling forecasts all yield the same estimated need for external financing provided you dont make any mistakes. For problems 8, 9, and 10, you may ignore the effect of adde d borrowing on interest expense. The treasurer of Pepperton, Inc. a wholesale distributor of household appliances, wants to estimate his companys cash balances for the first three months of 2009. Using the information below, construct a periodic cash budget for Pepperton for January through serve 2009. Does it appear from your results that the treasurer should be concerned virtually investing excess cash or looking for a bank loan? Pepperton Selected Information Sales (20 portion for cash, the rest on 30- day credit terms) 2008 Actual October $360,000 November 420,000 December 1,200,000 2009 Projected January $600,000 February 240,000 March 240,000Purchases (all on 60- day terms) 2008 Actual October $510,000 November 540,000 December 1,200,000 2009 Projected January $ccc,000 February 120,000 March 120,000 requital payable monthly $180,000 Principal payment on debt due in March 210,000 Interest due in March 90,000 Dividend payable in March 300,000 Taxes payable in February 180 ,000 Addition to accumulated depreciation in March 30,000 Cash balance on January 1, 2009 $300,000 Minimum desired cash balance 150,000 9. Continuing problem 8, Peppertons annual income statement and balance sheet for December 31, 2008 appear below.Additional in-formation about the companys accounting methods and the treasurers expectations for the first quarter of 2009 appear in the foot nones. Pepperton divisionly Income Statement December 31, 2008 ($ thousands) sack sales $6,000 Cost of goods sold1 3,900 realise gain 2,100 marketing and administrative expenses2 1,620 Interest expense 90 Depreciation3 90 Net profit before tax 300 Tax (33%) 99 Net profit after tax $ 201Balance Sheet December 31, 2008 ($ thousands) Assets Cash $300 Accounts receivable 960 Inventory 1,800 organic current assets $3,060 Gross fixed assets 900 accumulate depreciation 150 Net fixed assets 750 Total assets $3,810 Liabilities Bank loan $0 Accounts payable 1,740 Miscellaneous accruals4 60 Current po rtion long- term debt5 210 Taxes payable 300 Total current liabilities $2,310 Long- term debt 990 Shareholders equity 510 Total liabilities and equity $3,810 1.Cost of goods sold consists entirely of items purchased in first quarter. 2 Selling and administrative expenses consist entirely of wages. 3 Depreciation is at the rate of $30,000 per quarter. 4 Miscellaneous accruals are not expected to change in the first quarter. 5 $210 due March 2009. No payments for remainder of year. a. apply this information and the information in problem 8 to construct a pro forma income statement for the first quarter of 2009 and a pro forma balance sheet for March 31, 2009. What is your estimated external financing need for March 31? b.Does the March 31, 2009, estimated external financing equal your cash surplus (deficit) for this involution from your cash budget in problem 8? Should it? c. Do your pro forma forecasts tell you more than your cash budget does about Peppertons financial prospects? d . What do your pro forma income statement and balance sheet tell you about Peppertons need for external financing on February 28, 2009? 10. Based on your answer to question 9, construct a first- quarter 2009 cash flow forecast for Pepperton. 11. Toys- 4- Kids manufactures plastic toys. Sales and production are highly seasonal.Below is a quarterly pro forma forecast indicating external financing take for 2009. Assumptions are in parentheses. Toys- 4- Kids 2009 every quarter Pro Forma Forecast ($ thousands) Qtr 1 Qtr 2 Qtr 3 Qtr 4 Net sales $300 $375 $3,200 $5,000 Cost of sales (70% of sales) 210 263 2,240 3, d Gross profit 90 113 960 1,500 Operating expenses 560 560560 560 Profit before tax (470) (448) cd 940Income taxes (188) (179) 160 376 Profit after tax ($282) ($269) $240 $564 Cash (minimum balance $200,000) $1,235 $927 $200 $200 Accounts receivable (75% of quarterly sales) 225 281 2,four hundred 3,750 Inventory (12/ 31/ 08 balance $ 500,000) 500 500 500 500 Current assets 1,9 60 1,990 3,120 4,450 Net plant & equipment 1,000 1,000 1,000 1,000 Total assets $2,960 $2,708 $4,100$5,450 Accounts payable ( 10% of quarterly sales) 30 38 320 00 accumulated taxes ( payments quarterly in arrears) (188) (179) 160 376 Current liabilities ( 158) ( 142) 480 876 Long- term debt 400 400 400 400 Equity (12/ 31/ 08 balance $3,000,000) 2,718 2,450 2,690 3,254 Total liabilities and equity $2,960 $2,708 $3,570 $4,530 External financing required $ 0 $ 0 $ 530 $ 920 a. How do you interpret the negative numbers for income taxes in the first two living quarters? b. Why are cash balances in the first two quarters great than the minimum required $ 200,000?How were these numbers deter-mined? c. How was external financing required visual aspect at the bottom of the forecast determined? d. Do you think Toys- 4- Kids will be able to borrow the external financing required as indicated by the forecast? 12. Continuing with Toys- 4- Kids introduced in the preceding problem, the comp anys production manager has argued for years that it is inefficient to produce on a seasonal basis. She believes the company should switch to level production throughout the year, grammatical construction up finished goods inventory in the first two quarters to meet the peak selling needs in the last two.She believes the company can reduce its cost of goods sold from 70 to 65 pct with level production. a. Prepare a revised pro forma forecast presume level production. In your forecast assume that quarterly accounts payable on a lower floor level production equal 10 percent of average quarterly sales for the year. To estimate quarterly inventory, use the following two formulas Inventoryeoq = Inventoryboq + Quarterly production Quarterly cost of sales Quarterly production yearbook cost of sales/ 4 where eoq and boq refer to end of quarter and ancestry of quarter, respectively.Please ignore the effect of increased external financing required on interest expense. b. What is the eff ect of the switch from seasonal to level production on annual profits? c. What effect does the switch have on the companys quarterly ending inventory? On the companys quarterly need for external financing? d. Do you think the company will be able to borrow the amount of money required by level production? What obsolescence risks does the company incur by mental synthesis up inventory in anticipation of future sales? readiness this be a concern to lenders? 13. You will need to use the prototype & Poors Market Insight Web come in ( www. hhe. com/ edumarketinsight) for this problem. Market Insight presents a spreadsheet entitled Forecasted Values. ( outperform Analytics, Valuation Data, Forecasted Values. )a. How are these forecasts generated? Are they more than simple extrapolation of past trends? b. How useful might these forecasts be for projecting a companys future financing needs? 14. This problem pick outs you to construct a simple simulation model. If you do not own s imulation software, you can download to your computer a free, full- persuasiveness version of Crystal Ball for a one- week trial. Point your web browser to www. crystalball. om and select download. a. Problem 7 above asked you to extend the forecast for R& E Sup-plies contained in Table 3. 5 through 2010. Using the same spread-sheet, simulate R& E Supplies external funding requirements in 2009 under the following assumptions. i. Represent the growth rate in net sales as a triangular distribution with a mean of 30 percent and a range 25 percent to 35 percent. ii. Represent the interest rate as a same distribution varying from 9 percent to 11 percent.iii. Represent the tax rate as a lognormal distribution with a mean of 45 percent and a standard deviation of 2 percent. . If the treasurer wants to be 95 percent certain of raising enough money in 2009, how much should he raise? ( Grab the triangle below the relative frequency chart on the right and move it to the left until 95. 00 appears in the proof window. ) 15. This problem asks you to prepare one- and five- year financial fore-casts for Aquatic Supplies Company. An Excel spreadsheet containing the companys 2008 financial statements and managements projections is available for download at www. mhhe. com/ higgins9e. (Select Student Edition fill&gt a Chapter &gtExcel Spreadsheets. Use this information to answer the questions posed in the spreadsheet. 16. The financial statements and additional information for Noble Equipment Corp. appear at www. mhhe. com/ higgins9e. (Select Student Edition Choose &gta Chapter&gt Excel Spreadsheets. ) The companys fiscal year end is September 30. Nobles management wants to estimate the companys cash balances for the last three months of calendar year 2008, which are the first three months of fiscal year 2009. The questions accompanying the spreadsheet ask you to prepare a monthly cash budget, pro forma financial statements, and a cash flow forecast for t he period.

Analysis: Decision Making In Kava Essay

Decision reservation is one of the big and crucial aspects in running a pedigree that melodic line executives put to their subordinates, in the hope that those they think be qualified to make profound ratiocinations indeed make genuinely good lasts that go away always be for the exposedo interest of the union. Decision qualification is a privilege, but it is stock-still a difficult task that apprisenot be turn awayed.Beca character of its importance and the hindrance that goes on with stopping point qualification, professionals over time managed to draft certain end reservation techniques that muckle help those who find themselves in a great difficulty over the inability to produce a decision fashioning figure out that pull up stakes guarantee the providing of the topper result possible for a crabbed worry scenario.Decision- do technique to identify the dissolving agent There are some(prenominal) line models of decision making techniques that everyo ne can utilize there are no perfect techniques for decision making, what is weighty is that the person manages to identify the technique that suits his or her needs best. For the case that is being tackled in this paper, the decision making technique which bequeath be utilized is the calculated measuring technique. What is the metric Criterion technique?In the Measured Criterion technique, the individual go out have to create a table or matrix wherein important objects as well as options to attain the polish(s) is/are identified to stand the person/organization making the decision to look at the stopping point and the options they can take and decide which option they will re form to. wherefore is the Measured Criterion the ideal decision making technique for the parcelicular(a) case being discussed in this paper?It is the ideal decision making technique for this particular case because the Measured Criterion style will allow Nik and Alex to plot of land and identify t he particular goals that they need to accomplish so that they can achieve their ultimate goal to act as catalysts in the island so that their participation can have a greater and broader business presence in kava. These particular goals will definitely open up options for both Nik and Alex, and when there are two persons deciding, there is a very good chance that they may not opt for the same raceway of action.But through the use of the Measured Criterion, every(prenominal) option is designated with a numerical equivalent that suggests the range and probable efficacy, practicality, comfort and other aspects and characteristics of a particular option, from which the decision will be found. This information will be used on how the decisions and options are depended and weighed. For example, Part 1 of Niks intend convolute the human resources part.For example, during the decision making process on whether Nik and Alex should advice its proposition office on hiring Kava loca ls to work for the troupe when its expands its operation and presence in the island, the decision can be based after consulting the Measured Criterion chart, which would reflect points represented in numerical significance what are the points for opting for hiring locals and the probability that they will stay long and devoted to the company compared to using non-locals to work in Kava and the fit aim or chances that these particular type of employees will stay long and trusty in the Kava office of the company?Having identified these issues and other issues involved in the decision making task of Nik and Alex necessary to accomplish the goal delegated to them by their company, there is a better guarantee that the option they will take are considered very well and that there are lessen chances that Nik and Alex left something out unintentionally.Steps in decision making by-line the guidelines necessary to undertake the Measured Criterion technique for decision making, the tr avel towards decision making of the company so that it can achieve its goal in Kava will include the following steps designation of the course of action needed to be taken, identification of the existence of alternatives and unspecific alteration of options present for every step or action to be taken, the providing of the necessary data and points consistent with the style of Measured Criterion so that every action that presents many different options will reflect the best and worst possible option for the company to take, and lastly, the advisement on whether the best option as reflected in the Measured Criterion tables should be taken first en route to the actualization of the business plan.During the process of decision making to attain the goal of having the business expand in Kava, Nik will have to identify key information to aid his decision making and provide information in the measured criteria table for further deliberation and consideration. This is important since t here are what Luo consider as international elaborateness imperatives that act as building blocks on which a wide variety of international expansion strategies, decisions, and policies are based. They are imperatives because they cannot be unlinked from the decision making process during international expansion (Luo, 1999, p. 6). Decision making technique analysis Why is the Measured Criterion selected and used as the decision making technique to assist in the goal of Nik and Alex to undertake the creation of a business plan that will allow their company to grow in Kava? As explained in Virtualsalt. om about how Measured Criteria works, this particular decision making technique can help the task at happen (which is the planning of the company on how to have a greater business presence in Kava) by providing a way in which the objective goals for the accomplishment of the business plan is already laid out and the corresponding alternatives and options of the company are weighed c orrectly. Nik, who is an important player in the effort of the company to expand in Kava, needs to be equipped with a decision making technique which would allow him to be able to sort things out and plot the objectives and goals he needs to accomplish, identify his options and plot the strengths and weaknesses of each and every option so that he can pick the best option, use it and contribute to the overall efforts of him and Alex in the achieving of the companys business goal in Kava for which Nik was sent there for. The Measured Criterion can provide Nik with the style that will enable Nik to efficiently and systematically sort things out.The situation in Kava, with all the confusion that was illustrated in the case scenario, will take its toll on Niks ability to focus his pass and his thoughts, and using the Measured Criterion will help offset the proscribe have-to doe with of the messy surroundings in the place. Don Aslett, in his bulk The Office Clutter Cure, points out th at a poorly kept study makes everyone tense and that too much stuff around is distracting (Aslett, 2005, p. 20). Proposed Solution The proposed solution for the expansion of the company in Kava includes the implementation of a business action plan that includes human resources, marketing and business strategy.The company should consider the hiring of locals and consider the socio economic and socio political impact of this action to the locals and the government of Kava, including ensuing empathy and support and stabilization of the company the company should also realign its business strategy so that it will suit the diversity in agriculture and the heterogeneity of the people present in the island which will be abnormal in many different ways by the business the company should also consider the logistics that the company will have to shoulder and destination should the company expand operation and business presence in the island, with a back up study on the financial impact of much(prenominal) logistics adjustment on the overall performance of the company and lastly, the company should plot a timeline to allow themselves the opportunity to measure the positive yield and impact this perish will make to the company, so that in the event that the move is deemed as unproductive or lacks promise financially and business-wise, appropriate remedies can be set up and implemented to cover losses and send expansion actions by the company. Examining the decision making model The use of the Measured Criterion will work well in this particular frame with one consideration in mind that both Nik and Alex make serious appraisals and put corresponding numerical symbolisms of the importance of each item presented in the matrix. Toney explains that other researchers have shown conclusively that the most common reason for organisational failure is flawed decision making (Toney, 2002, p. 21), and the only way for Nik and Alex to avoid having a flawed decision making is to make sure that the decision making process is free from personal agenda and other political relation that go against the best interest of the company. As in the use of any decision making technique, the absence of honesty and objectivity in the part of individuals make human error a significant factor. If Nik uses the Measured Criterion in a way that there is a controlled outcome in numerical value because Nik wants the outcome to correspond with his personal wants and desires (i. e. to leave Kava since Nik expresses dislike in the island), the credibility of the Measured Criterion and the decision that was reached is jeopardized, as with the use of any other decision making technique so long as there is an effort to manipulate the outcome.

Disciplinary Action

Some issues regarding the attach tos disciplinary actions towards the employees misbehavior has arisen. Usually it is virtually ethical and legal issues. Some confederations may be too harsh about the decisions and actions towards employee. There atomic number 18 some web sites that take to cartoon well before making actions towards the employee. One of the situations that needed a disciplinary action is when an employee has been consistently missing on staff meetings and an spontaneous warning has already been issued by him. May be the company after part delve the employee a written warning and give him/her a facsimile of the documents that will prove his absences on meetings.After the employee received the letter and gloss over did non attend any meetings, the employee should be demoted. Attending staff meetings is part of the job. non attendance the meetings means non doing his work as an employee. Another situation when an employee has a 30% misunderstanding rate in data inlet for a high tech company. The employee should know that he/she is working in a high tech company and a 30% flaw rate in data entry is big enough for the company to have some problems. If the problem is on data entry on sales, a problem might occur on accounting. First, the company should give the employee a written and oral warning.let the employee be aware of his/her mistakes and then commemorate if the employee still commits mistakes on the data entry. If after the warning, the error rate still has no improvement, meaning the error rate is not lessen, may be the employee can be transferred to another division. The work may not tally for him. Also, make an investigation if there is a conspiracy behind the error on data entry, the error might be make intentionally. If the employee has been be to have done the data entry error intentionally and it rattling affects the company, the company can fire him/her for work.The employee should do his/her work correctly, mi stakes may fleet but if the mistakes is so high and is being done continuously, there is a problem with the employee. Additional situation is when an employee is absent from work, on a per year average, 15% of the metre. For this situation, if the absences are still allowed by the companys indemnity then there is not ofttimes can be done on this situation than to ask the employee to lessen his/her absences and explain to him/her the advantages that he/she and the company will gain if he/she have more time to job. If the absences are not allowed by the company, an oral and written warning can be given.If this kind of behavior continues after the warning, the employee can be demoted for not attending his/her duty well. If an employee has been arrested for drunk driving during discharge duty, there is not much to say about this because the employee is not working during the incident and whatever the employee does extraneous working hours is not the companys business. What the em ployee has done is a snobby matter. The most allowable disciplinary action that can be make is by talking to the employee tell that the company has heard the incident during his off duty.The company may also remind the employee in a tight-laced tone and manner that what he/she has done might have an doing on the company and ask him to be careful next time and avoid driving while drunk. Approach the employee as in a way that the company is caring for he employee. That way the employee might not be offended for the companys action towards the incident because he/she might feel that the company is just caring for his/her safety. The company should study each employees misconducts before giving them some disciplinary actions. Let the employee know their mistakes first and then observe if there are changes on their behaviors.

Organizational Behavior across Cultures Essay

pagan differences are inevitable in the world of today the world is thusly an amalgamation of different elaborations composed of diverse attitudes and values. lot act in reference to the ethnical features that define them. The distinctive nature of cultures brings sharp differences that pile need to learn how to cope with, and embrace in their interactions (McFarlin & vitamin A Sweeney, 2013). The near significant aspect is appreciating ethnical differences and developing sensitivity towards heathenish sort. Without such, multitude from different cultural backgrounds often find it hard to affect effectively, and this leads to conflict. organisational mien is an example of many realms that cultural differences affect. Whenever an organization has employees from different cultural orientations, it is evident that the interaction amongst them testament require cultural sensitivity in target to cultivate effective organisational relations.Literature Review      & nbsp    In the wake of the globalization age, organizations are employing people from different cultures. Gelfand, Erez and Aycan (2007) assert that the enormousness of expatriates in the corporate world is increasing hence, people are crossover boarders to find employment in former(a) countries. Of course, this trend implies that different cultures will hurt to connect and meet organizational objectives. Certainly, an organization should develop structures of comprehend cultural diversity by encouraging its employees to embrace sensitivity towards unrivalled a nonher. In a cross-cultural environment, leadership is significant in realizing coherency among the employees. This fosters a robust organizational behavior by instilling cultural sensitivity among the employees (Gelfand, Erez and Aycan, 2007). In reference to the case study, thaumaturgy moves from Germany to the UAE for employment purposes. The culture at home is different from the culture in the UAE, thus he has to adjust to the organizational culture of the new environment. This emphasizes the point that different countries have different cultural trends.Saunders (2010) highlights that culture is richly embedded in values, norms and attitudes that defines it. Peoples somebodyalities and behavior stems from their cultural trends and beliefs. Thus, the organizational culture of an organization is influenced by the collective and individual cultural features of its employees. The unique features of the employees affect the way they relate to each other hence influencing the organizational behavior (Saunders, 2010). For instance, a persons ghostly beliefs and approach towards creating relationships have a huge collision on how he relates with other people. Cultural differences have being a source of conflict among employees, as every one seeks to practice his or her identity (Saunders, 2010). In such instances, it is burning(prenominal) to note that managing the conflict from a cultural perspective is paramount. Since cultural diversity is the cause of the discontent, it is essential to lot the cultural differences in a viable way. This will go a long way in creating a good environment for the employees. ground on the case study, it is true that Ahmad does not prise Johns in thin nature to the culture of the UAE. As a devoted Muslim, Ahmad expect John to respect the month of Ramadan and ascribe to its rules because it is a significant religious practice in the UAE. The rude response from Ahmad surprises John because he did not violate the rules of Ramadan intentionally. Ahmad appears to uphold his cultural standards more than the professional standard, bearing in mind that John is his senior in the organization. Evidently, cultural differences have the capability to influence the organizational behavior in an institution.Organizational behavior in a cross-cultural environment requires the individual and collective responses from the employees. It is evident tha t cultural diversity is a universal phenomenon that has an immense influence in the organizational culture of organizations. Fischer et al. (2005) posit that without effective management of cultural differences in an organization, it is authentic that employees cannot develop feasible relationships to attain organizational goals and objectives. Fostering efficient relationships in a cross-cultural environment calls for employees and the leadership to enact cultural sensitive structures of adapting to the cultural diversity (Obinna and Farkas, 2011). Cultural intelligence is a significant particle of embracing cultural diversity. Through cultural intelligence, an organization is able to appreciate the diverse cultural features in it, and work towards developing viable relationships aimed at achieving results. At the individual level, employees should develop emotional intelligence in order to embrace and realize the beauty in cultural diversity. Valuing the cultural dimensions of first mate employees is paramount in encouraging a vibrant organizational behavior in a cross-cultural environment.The information above is true in relation to the case study. After realizing that he had violated the cultural rules of the UAE, John responded well by apologizing to Ahmad. Moreover, Ahmad also apologized to John for being rude and for not considering that he was from a different cultural background. The effective communication that ensued was racy in establishing a good relationship between John and the other employees. Cultural sensitivity was instrumental in developing efficient relationships in the organization.Conclusion           Indeed, cultural diversity is a global trend that is not only unique to the UAE, but also to other parts of the world. It is important for the management of companies and organizations to manage cultural differences in the right way in order to build strong and efficient relationships among employees. This calls for embracing cultural diversity and valuing the contributions of every employee in an organization.ReferencesGelfand, M.J., Erez, M. and Aycan, Z. (2007). Cross-Cultural Organizational Behavior. Annual Review of Psychology, 58 (479-514).Fischer, R., Ferreira, M.C., Asmar, E.R., Redford, P., and Harb, C. (2005). Organizational Behavior across Cultures. International Journal of Cross-Cultural perplexity, 5(1) 27-48.McFarlin, D. B., & Sweeney, P. D. (2013). International organizational behavior transcending borders and cultures. New York Routledge.Obinna, A.K. and Farkas, M.K. (2011). Cultural Conflict Management for Firms and Organizations. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 3(2).Saunders, M. (2010). Organizational trust a cultural perspective. New York Cambridge University Press.Source document

Defining Marketing Essay

To answer the antecede of the paper, Defining Marketing a interpretation of trade is a neat beginning for consideration. My personal definition of marketing is the concept or acquaint of a function in which harvest-feasts, goods or services ar transferred to a consumer or client by a producer or seller. separate definitions exist to describe marketing aside from the prior definition. Marketing has been set forth as, A management process revealing, anticipating and supplying client or consumer requirements with dexterity and profitability.(Tutor2U, 2010) In that same article marketing is described as military man activities that are directed at facilitating and consummating exchanges. (Tutor2U, 2010)This last expression or definition rings true, in that as a consumer I want appeal, product or name recognition, quality, and value for my m nonpareily. The sellers or producers are engaged in making a profit and ensuring a positive client inhabit and consumers or clients wh o want products that are within their budget, durable and meets the expectations of the transaction gum olibanum a deal mess be made between the deuce entities.In the course text, Basic Marketing, by Perrault, Cannon and McCarthy, the term marketing is further defined as performing activities seeking to accomplish an physical compositions objectives finished the anticipation of customer needs and directing the flow of need cheering goods and services from producer to client or customer. (Basic Marketing, page 6, 2009) Marketing is of import for organizational success along with companies having flexibility, exuding a transparent organizational close and challenging employees to excel and remaining accountable for their actions. more companies and organizations struggle to decide the right balance in management to ensure the caller-up growing and achieve profitability. Marketing passel plan an important role in companies excelling with their corporate goals. The aim of ma rketing is how companies conceive and promote corporate betray management and strategic positioning but it also works toward a corporate strategy and allows for companies to be innovative and thrive in their industries. A come with with a marketing business sector plan considers the key stakeholders, dialogue channels, the business environment and, core corporate competencies.Using the company tell on is a leverage to be used to its full potential. Marketing can assist in developing untried consumer channels, products or services that can grow the company or organization and make a sustainable difference in industry trends. The marketing business strategy should involve ideas on obtaining rising clients, retaining current clients or customers, brand management and tactical to promote sales of the companys products and services. As a business tool or foundation, marketing uses strategic tactics designed to identify the appropriate market and time for implementation and will i mpact the organization success of a company.Verizon Communications is a favorite in the telecommunication industry and one of the most powerful national companies in the specialty. Verizon uses new engine room recently developed and follows through by introducing the advances to a competing industry. finished research and marketing, Verizon has found what telecommunication technology works and has become rattling proud of starting a major transformation in the wireless world. As an innovator, Verizon is a industry leader in providing information technology and advanced communications to customers.Through a partnership with major estimator companies, Hewlett Packard and Dell Computers, Verizon can produce technological products that are of high quality. The use of these practices helps the Verizon organizational structure through strategic business goals including employee development, diversity awareness, and recruitment. (Verizon, 2010)Another company that has demonstrated con sistently to employees and stakeholders, honest and fair business practices resulting in pregnant organizational success is pogey Food Company.The Dole name is one often associated with high quality and nutrition for fresh cut flowers, vegetables and, fruit. Dole also markets a line of packaged and frozen foods and serves as a leader in the industry for nutrition education and research. (Murdock, 2008) Dole Foods underwent a two-year research and redevelopment program for the Dole Fresh veg product line. (Dole, 2008)Doles willingness to share knowledge publicly, invest in new technology, fight food born disease, are all public benefits derived from their respectable leadership.Doles financial stewardship and social responsibility underscores the fact that the company is both ethical and profitable. In business, there is more to being productive and achieving organizational success than having products or services at reasonable prices. Many companies underuse marketing as one of their business functions. Alternatively there are many companies that have been successful because of the effective use of strategic marketing such as Microsoft, Sony, American Express, Disney and Wal-Mart,just to name a few.

Bluffing

HUMN 330 Values and morality Online Course political program accredit Hours 3 Delivery Method Online (Internet / blackboard) Required Textbook Rosenstand, N. (2013). The moral of the explanation An introduction to ethics (7th ed. ). New York, NY McGraw-Hill. ISBN 978-0078038426 Course Description This of blood focuses on the process of practical ethics as a way of terminate moral conflict and of understanding professional responsibility in a multi-culturally diverse society without devaluating specific viewpoints of h peerlessst or metaphysical guess, ideology, or religion.Students testament use proposals, value judgments, observation statements, assumptions, and alternate-world assumptions in arguing coeval issues of moral importance. With this basic moral logic, students testament resolve issues in name of rights, responsibilities, and the community of rational beings in terms of consequences and contingencies and in terms of habituated virtues and character. take ove r and unrestricted discourse leave alone be encouraged so as to let students find common ground in diversity. Course Goals This course is designed to divine service students 1. say the basic vocabulary and fundamental theories of ethics. . unveil lifes values and determine which values be the most worthwhile. 3. tint the school text theories to actual life situations. 4. Find greater personal peace by choosing more constructive values. 5. Apply understanding of ethics to personal lives. 6. Understand the relationship between attitudes, values and moral conduct. Learning Outcomes This programme was au and thentic for online schooling by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 Upon course completion, students go away be adequate to 1. Judge the role and importance of ethics and evaluate moral air based on the criteria of value and self autonomy. . Assess the psychological, sociological, historical, and philosophical terra firma of ethics. 3. Relate the nature and role o f reason in understanding values. 4. Relate the nature and characteristics of freedom when responding to values. 5. Distinguish and apply ethical principles in ethical situations. 6. Explain the various arguments for and against the major contemporary ethical issues. 7. Discuss ones options for identifying and replacing inferior values. 8. Explain the role, nature, and characteristics of responsibility. 9.Defend the value of and the process of foreseeing the consequences of an persons conduct. 10. Defend the choice of a viable ethical theory in solving an ethical problem. 11. Utilize the principles of critical thinking to conjure up encyclopedism skills and to increase intellectual and moral growth. 12. Evaluate their conduct in the light of constructive ethical expectations. Grading Your final grade will be based on the followers evaluation items Grade outperform 90 100% 80 89% 70 79% 60 69% 0 59% A B C D F Evaluation Items and Weights Weekly Assignments watchwords mid term exam Exam sort stand out last Exam Total 5% 30% 15% 15% 15% 100% Activities and Assignments Activities Each rung, excluding module 9, contains various assignments associate to the respective(prenominal) module, such as ? Chapter and Lecture Notes. This activity consists of reading the text and the yap away notes that are affix in apiece module. ? nurture and face. This activity contains a reading activity that is assigned to stimulate additional thinking and some give-and-takes within the topic area. This course of study was demonstrable for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 ? ? Research and searing thought.This activity varies with severally module however, they are regular outside readings with associated discussion questions of short essay-type answers to the topic area. occupation. This activity varies with each module and is integrated into the learning modules to help you apply and reinforce the concepts that each module intr oduces. Weekly Assignments The assignments vary from module to module and are based on the activities that were contained within the module. Each includes a combination of threaded discussions, short essays, or study questions based on text or outside readings.The periodic assignments comprise 25% of your grade. Discussions The Discussion Board is an integral part of your learning in this course. You are encouraged and expected to participate in online discussions. unceasing and meaningful discussion postings are part of your final grade. Each module, excluding Module 9, contain Discussion Board topics or questions that will help guide your critical thinking and written communication skills as you study the theories and concepts related to values and ethics.Thirty percent of your course grade will come from your pilot burner responses to module discussion prompts and responses to classmates submitted to the appropriate Discussion Board forum in response to these module discussio n activities. Please refer to the Checklist for Meaningful Discussions and Discussion Rubric in Module 1. Discussions account for 30% of your grade. Exams Both the Midterm and Final Exams are beat-limited online tests. The Midterm will cover Modules 1 by dint of 4 (Chapters 1-6) and is to be taken in Week 4. The Final is plenary (Modules 1-4 and 5-9, Chapters 1-13) and is to be taken during Week 9.The Midterm and Final are each worth 15% of your grade. classify Project Module 8 is consecrate to the assemblage project. The Instructor will divide the class into four practical(prenominal) assemblys to discuss a case involving an ethical issue. ? ? ? ? Group 1 Media morals Group 2 Theory of Just War Group 3 Animal Welfare and Animal Rights Group 4 Death punishment Each assort will have its own private group discussion forum. Accessing this private forum is a little different from stretchiness the mankind discussion forums. You will need to click the Groups menu item, not the Discussion Board.After clicking Groups, you will see the four groups listed scarcely you will further have access to the group you have been assigned to. Click your group link to see a list of the other(a) members of your group and then the Group Discussion Board link to access the discussion forum. This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 Work with your assigned group members on the ethics case for your group in your private discussion forum. Identify ethical or moral justifications to support your arguments from the text or additional sources as necessary.Use the Internet to look each additional training you would like to use in your groups discussion. After groups have had time to look into and discuss their cases and reach a consensus on the topic, one member of each of group will post its findings to the appropriate thread in the public Module 8 Group Presentations forum. As singulars, each student will then comment o n at least two other group presentations. The group project makes up 15% of your grade. Additional entropy subroutine library Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University has one of the most complete library accumulateions of aviation-related resources in the world. ? ERAU Libraries http//library. erau. edu/ Hunt Library Worldwide Information, Services, Help o Worldwide Library Basic Training o Worldwide Library Ask-a-Librarian o lengthiness Research Request Contact Information ? Hours Monday Friday 800 a. m. 500 p. m. east Time ? Telephone 1-800-678-9428 or 386-226-6947 ? Email email&160protected edu RefWorks RefWorks is an online database tool that put up manage references and citations from almost any source. It provides specific guidance in how to collect and use references, pee bibliographies, and write research papers.You may access it by this ERAU organizational login link when signed in to ERNIE or directly from the RefWorks website (http//www. ref organises. com). A diffe rent link must be used for off-campus access (see these instructions). RefWorks requires users to create a RefWorks-specific username and password. Please contact the Hunt Library if you have any questions. Online Sources There are many websites that offer current reading on values and ethics and any search engine (Google, etc. ,) will get you to both historic and current information that is relevant to the satiate of this course.In addition, many links are provided within the online learning modules. APA Format ERAU students should sweep over the American Psychological Association (APA) editorial style format for research papers and other written assignments. Two good websites to bookmark for help citing references used in your assignments and discussion posts are listed below. (See the Academic Resources folder in the Resources area of the course for additional sites on APA style. ) This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 The OWL at Purdue, APA Formatting and Style impart APA Style. rg Course Policies Academic Integrity Embry-Riddle is committed to maintaining and upholding intellectual integrity. All students, faculty, and staff have obligations to prevent violations of pedantic integrity and take corrective challenge when they occur. The adjudication process will involve imposing sanctions which may include, but are not limited to, a failing grade on the assignment, a failing grade in a course, suspension or pocket from the University, upon students who commit the following academic violations 1. Plagiarism Presenting the ideas, words, or products of another as ones own.Plagiarism includes use of any source to complete academic assignments without proper acknowledgement of the source. Reuse or resubmission of a students own coursework if previously used or submitted in another course, is considered self-plagiarism, and is likewise not allowed under University policy. 2. Cheating A broad term that includes, but is not limited to, the following a. Giving or receiving help from wildcat persons or materials during examinations. b. The unauthorized communication of examination questions prior to, during, or following administration of the examination. . Collaboration on examinations or assignments expected to be, or presented as, individual work. d. Fraud and deceit, that include knowingly furnishing false or misleading information or failing to furnish appropriate information when requested, such as when applying for admission to the University. Online Learning This course is offered by dint of ERAU Worldwide Online (Blackboard) and runs nine (9) weeks. The archetypical week begins the first day of the term and ends at midnight EDT/EST (as applicable) seven eld later.Success in this course requires in-depth study of each module as assigned, timely completion of assignments, and regular participation in forum discussions. Late work should be the exception and not the rule an d may be downgraded at the discretion of the Instructor, if accepted at all. Unless all work is submitted, the student could cope with a failing grade for the course. Extensions may be granted for extenuating circumstances at the discretion of the Instructor and only for the length of time the Instructor deems appropriate. The most important element of success in an online course is to communicate with your Instructor throughout the term.Conventions of online etiquette, which include courtesy to all users, will be observed. Students should use the Send Email function in Blackboard for private messages to the Instructor and other students. The class Discussion Board forums are for public messages. It is highly recommended that students keep electronic copies of all materials submitted as assignments, discussion board posts and emails, until after the end of the term and a final This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 grade is rec eived.When posting responses in a discussion forum, please confirm that the responses have actually been posted after you submit them. Course Schedule Module Title grounds Values, Morals, and Ethics Activities / Assignments 1. 1 Introductions 1. 2 Read Chapter 1 assimilate worship Video 1. 3 Reading and Reflection Morality and Ethics 1. 4 use Current News Search 1. 5 Discussion 1 ethical Behavior 1. 6 Discussion 2 Moral Issues 2. 1 Read Chapter 2 and 3 2. 2 Research and Critical Thinking Haroun and the Sea of Stories Study Questions 2. Discussion Understanding the Past 2. 4 Application Moral Dilemma 2. 5 Discussion Ethnicity vs National Identity 3. 1 Read Chapter 4 3. 2 Research and Critical Thinking The Ethics of Emergencies Study Questions 3. 3 Reading and Reflection Altruistic Behaviors 3. 4 Application Essay on Rands Ideas 3. 5 Discussion Understanding selflessness 4. 1 Read Chapters 5 and 6 4. 2 Reading and Reflection Utilitarianism and Deontology 4. 3 Research and Critical Thinking Flight 93 and Utilitarianism in Times of Crisis 4. Discussion Ends and Means 5. 1 Review Modules 1 through 4 Learning Objectives 5. 2 Discussion Midterm Q &038 A 5. 3 Midterm Exam 6. 1 Read Chapters 7 and 8 heed to I Have a Dream Speech 6. 2 Reading and Reflection Walmart Employment Practices 6. 3 Application Education Equity and kind Justice Awareness 6. 4 Discussion 1 Person vs. humans Being 6. 5 Discussion 2 Rights and Responsibilities 6. 6 Research &038 Critical Thinking The Trial of Socrates 6. 7 Application Resolving Ethical Dilemmas 6. 8 Discussion 3 Socrates Trial 7. Read Chapters 10 and 11 7. 2 Research and Critical Thinking Either/Or Study Questions 7. 3 Reading and Reflection Philosophers 7. 4 Application Why Courage Matters The elbow room to Braver Life Study Questions 7. 5 Discussion Politics 7. 6 Group Project Preview 8. 1 Read Chapters 12 and 13 View Gender and Ethics Video 8. 2 Reading and Reflection Group charac ter reference 8. 3 Research and Critical Thinking Group Case 8. 4 Application Group Findings 9. 1 Review Modules 1 through 8 Learning Objectives 9. 2 Discussion Final Q and A 9. Final Exam 1 2 Moral Lessons Through Time and Ethical Relativism 3 Exploring Psychological and Ethical Egoism 4 Utilitarian conclude and Universal Law 5 Midterm Exam Week 6 Human Rights, Justice and the Concept of Virtues 7 The Contemporary Perspectives and Case Studies in Virtue 8 Feminism, Virtue, and the Exploration of Ethics in a orbicular Context 9 Final Exam Week This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712 This syllabus was developed for online learning by Dr. Moseby HUMN 330 Online Syllabus 0712

Americans win the War of Independence Essay

Before the first shots were fired in the the Statesn War of Indep cobblers lastence, very few people gave the the Statesns ( excessively cognise as the colonists or patriots) a chance. Britain had a population of 11 million compared to the patriots 2.5 million of whom 20% were slaves. Furthermore Britain had the roughly magnateful navy in the world, an experienced and well-armed stand up legions of 48,000 men and the support of tens of thousands of loyalists and Indian tribes. Britain likewise held the economic receipts as they could rely on the profits from the S forthh Atlantic schema and the industrial change. So at the beginning of the strugglefare, an the Statesn victory seemed at a lower placestandably unlikely for the Statesn forces weak and British soldiery and naval provide enormous by comparison.i foreign aid obtained by the colonists was extremely atrocious in their victory. In 1776 France extended a secret loan to the colonies and supplied them with pul verization. These loans of gunpowder were extremely important in enabling the patriots to defeat Britain in the appointment of Saratoga. In February 1778 France and the States signed The Treaty of Alliance that stated erstwhile France entered the war against Britain, there would be no more treaties before the colonists gained liberty, sovereignty and independence.ii The treaty too opened both nations ports to the new(prenominal)s commerce and guaranteed French possessions in the New World. Therefore this alliance was very important as it brought optimism and boosted the team spirit of the patriots. As one soldier from Pennsylvania said, There has been a amperele change in this state since the news from France.France gave money, supplies and in the last kind of the war, military force. France supplied nigh of the muskets, bayonets and canons used by the colonists and without French aid it is questionable if they could learn won the war. For utilisation at the Battle of Yorktown in 1781, 20 French war ships pr regular(a)ted Cornwallis trajectory and led to the deliver of the British force and the end of the war.Furthermore Frances participation in the war and Vergennes (French distant minister) influence was a considerable eventor in persuading some other countries to join the the Statesn war effort. In 1779 and 1780, both Spain and Holland respectively entered against spectacular Britain and soon aft(prenominal) Catherine of Russia organised the League of Armed Neutrality which when endanger by Britain in the early 1780s, responded by deterring British trade.So foreign aid was a very important factor in Americas victory as it is probable that they did non have the power to defeat the British on their own.The logistics of the war was a second study basis for the Americans victory. Britain encountered galore(postnominal) logistical problems in the war which all contributed in whatever way to its defeat. Howe thought that driving th e American promenade from the strifefield in any field of view would return that area to loyalty to the crown or at least neutrality. However this was non the case. Britain was only able to control areas that the military occupied so consequently when the army moved it had to abandon the area it previously occupied. As a precede when a British force was defeated its only bank was to retreat to a fortified port and so if the navy was non there with its usual overwhelming power, the army would be in serious trouble, as exemplified with the Battle of Yorktown.Another logistical problem was that the British army could not expect supplies from any area it did not occupy and also the areas Britain did occupy were too small to provision the British army.iii Therefore they had to be dependent on supplies from Britain but even this was often a major problem as the obtaining of these supplies was held up administratively. The British Treasury and Admiralty did not co-operate with di stributively other to authorize provisioning efficient or effective. For example in 1776 Admiralty agents insisted that army suppliers be licensed and applications accompanied by exact cargo manifests. Therefore, as ships were loaded at Cork and applications made in London, voyages could be decelerate for weeks and sometimes months and as a result hampered the British war effort.Britain also suffered a number of transport problems that further complicated proceedings. In October and November 1775, 36 supply ships loaded with hundreds of tons of food and supplies left Britain to make sure as shooting the 11,000 soldiers, sailors and marines in Boston would have a comfortable winter. However the ships witnessed some of the worst storms of the century and many sunk, were captured or fled towards the West Indies. In the end only 13 supply ships reached Boston by which time most of the food had gone bad.iv So therefore transport problems are other logistical problem that contribu ted to Britains defeat.Food that did reach America created another(prenominal) problem for the British, as there were no good means to breed or distribute the food. Therefore the food often sat on the ships holding them up when they could have been used for battle or acquire more supplies.Logistical problems also hit the British army outright as they could only operate freely as long as the supplies they could carry lasted. Therefore they had to move as soon as they ran out of supplies, even if it was not militarily expedient. So as the army was ever so go it could not force an American army to battle, which created a big advantage for the colonists as they could decide when to contradict.vSo overall Britain had to deal with many distribution and talk problems and despite having more supplies than the enemy, because of the above problems this turn up to be no advantage.A third major reason for the patriots victory revolved around the military strategy of both sides. On trey storied occasions Britain made terrible drop aways in battle that contributed massively to their overall defeat. At the Battle of Bunker Hill in 1775, Britain went against all accepted military practice by attacking American forces on Breeds Hill, having to go up a steep and grassy pile in the open carrying sixty pound packs whilst the colonists were under cover. Of three British attacks, the colonists won two and Britain suffered a 50% loss of soldiers and didnt make another offensive for fourteen months. On top of this, the battle staidly strengthened American morale and gave cap over a social class to build an army and prepare for the next battle. viAt the Battle of foresighted Island in 1776 Britain made a massive strategic error of not exploiting their success. The British army had marched unexpected straight into the rear of the colonists and quickly force a retreat. Britain had thousands of fresh troops available and had the momentum but allowed the colonists to esca pe from Brooklyn to Manhattan by boat. Therefore Britain disconnected their best chance of destroying the Continental army, capturing capital of the United States and winning the war.viiThe final major military mistake by Britain was in 1777 when General Howes plan to attack Philadelphia instead of going to capital of New York to help Burgoyne backfired when the Continental Congress fled Philadelphia. Therefore Burgoyne had to send further supplies and troops to support Howe instead of using them on his way to Albany. Howe underestimated the colonists ability to evade the British and made a massive mistake because Burgoyne needed those troops, supplies and Howes help at the Battle of Saratoga.In fatten up contrast, the colonists displayed some exquisite tactics and strategies at vital times that proved extremely important in their victory in the war. During the collective battles known as the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, at fortification Stanwix Britain were at first in control. However the patriots sent Hon Yost Schuyler to the fort and he promoted a superstition that caused the Indians to desert the fort and as a result caused the British to retreat to Oswego and abandon their siege. Therefore the broad tactics at Fort Stanwix proved vital as the British were previously in a ample position in the battle.At Bennington, the patriots played another great trick sending men disguised as loyalists to mingle with British troops. They went to the rear of the British army and when the patriots attacked they turned against the British. So again the great tactics shown by the Americans provided a massive victory and the British suffered big casualties and loss of supplies that proved significant in the war.A final example of the great tactics used by the patriots was at Freemans Farm, when American riflemen pressure a retreat in the first British assault after shooting from the tops of trees and then in the second assault caused spacious losses to Burgoynes army after being situated on a low hill.viii This battle carried extra significance as the victory brought an American alliance with France, which as explained before was crucial in the outcome of the war.However, whilst discussing military strategy it is also important to acknowledge the role played by the terrain as a factor for Americas victory. Britain found it toilsome to cope with the many rivers and poor roads that they encountered and there were no rangy open fields where the cavalry could manoeuvre. It was rare to see Britain using hearty regiments and disciplined fire across open ground. The territory thus prevented Britain from moving rapidly to surround rebels and from making the most of their superior discipline in formal lines of battle. So therefore Americans benefited from their own familiar terrain. As they did not have the fire discipline or military expertise and skills to fight formal battles, it was suited to their guerrilla warfare type battle techniques.W ashington was also crucial to the shape and outcome of the war. By 1777 Washington had fought Howe cinque times and lost every one, however Washington never lost his army.ix He was a big stabilising force and from his militia experience, was excellent at managing an army and keeping it together. As a Southerner, Washington was also vital in bringing southern support into a war that originally was being fought main(prenominal)ly by New Englanders.However most importantly Washingtons tactics on two notable occasions were massive factors in the outcome of the war. First in 1776 at the Battle of Long Island, whilst in serious trouble, Washington enabled an escape for the colonists from Brooklyn to Manhattan by boat. In doing this, Washington prevented Britains best chance of winning the war. secondly in Virginia in October 1781, Washington was authoritative in leading five thousand French and two thousand American troops across Pennsylvania into Virginia. Washington moved them so fa st that Britain didnt even know of the Yorktown attack until it was too late. This piece of military adept by Washington soon led to a British surrender and subsequently signalled the end of the war.The fourth and possibly final major reason for the Americans victory revolved around the contrasting motivation and heat energy of the two sides. The patriots were always willing to continue fighting because they had a strong desire to win their independence and loved their homeland. On the other hand British soldiers were not fighting for a cause that straightaway affected them as they were in a country almost three thousand miles from home. Therefore as the war continued patriot rubor increased whereas British morale went down.In the colonies, the desire to fight the British was never in question. Before the outbreak of war Thomas Paines pamphlet Common Sense was able to sway humankind legal opinion in favour of complete independence and against King Georges tyranny. During the revolution Paine continued to stir up enthusiasm and patriotism in America with The Crisis with comments such as, Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered yet we have this solacement with us, that the harder the conflict the more glorious the triumph.xTherefore The Crisis affected soldiers and civilians in all levels of society, increasing morale, confidence and belief. Paine marched with troops, understood them and kept them fighting under horrible circumstances. Thus, Paine played an important role in the patriots victory.Propaganda also played a big role in influencing public opinion. Anti-British cartoons were popular throughout the colonies and influenced the public. The inhumane treatment of American prisoners was a main topic of propaganda and there were many newspapers detailing atrocities by the British for example, the fact that more prisoners of war died than were killed in action. Therefore the use of propaganda was very influential and turned many loyalists agai nst the British.So overall in conclusion, I have identified four major reasons why the Americans won the War of Independence. Foreign aid from France was vital through their money, supplies and military force. France also helped bring Spain and Holland into the war and without them the colonists would have found it difficult to win. Secondly, Britain suffered many logistical problems including the obtaining and distributing of supplies and also communication problems. With regards to military strategy, Britain made a number of strategic errors and struggled to come to foothold with the difficult terrain, whereas the colonists under the influential command of Washington made some excellent tactical decisions in battle. Finally the Americans displayed great motivation and passion to secure victory and independence and never lost their desire to fight. In contrast British soldiers were not directly affected whatever the result of war and this proved crucial.i Bonwick, Colin. The Ameri can Revolution (Macmillan, 1991) 86ii Henretta, James. America A Concise History (St. Martins, 1999) 147iii Bowler, Arthur. Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America 1775-1783 (Princeton, 1975) 239iv Perret, Geoffrey. A Country Made by War (Vintage Books, 1990) 20v Heller, Charles. Americas First Battles 1776-1965 (Lawrence, 1986) 24vi Perret, 15vii Heller, 31viii Perret, 42ix Leckie, Robert. The Wars of America (Harper & Row, 1981) 179x Perret, 34BibliographyBailyn, Bernard. The Ideological Origins of the American Revolution. Harvard College, 1967Bonwick, Colin. The American Revolution. Macmillan, 1991Bowler, Arthur. Logistics and the Failure of the British Army in America 1775-1783. Princeton, 1975Conway, Stephen. The War of American Independence 1775-1783. Arnold, 1995Heller, Charles. Americas First Battles 1776-1965. Lawrence, 1986Henretta, James. America A Concise History. St. Martins, 1999Leckie, Robert. The Wars of America. Harper & Row, 1981Perret, Geoff rey. A Country Made by War. Vintage Books, 1990

Black Feminist Theory Essay

genus genus Sula is Morrisons main character and is a unblemished example of a liberated woman. According to Lois Tysons description of a Liberated Woman, Sula has discovered her abilities, k presentlys what she needs, and goes round getting it. Along with all these activities, comes pride and independence. It began when Sula was younger as she had Nel, her best friend, by her side. In the safe harbor of each others company they could undergo to abandon the ways of other people and concentrate on their give perceptions of things, (55).Her friendship gave her the comfort to be herself and confident on acting on her own terms. Sula continued this attitude into adulthood but not every one and only(a) agreed with her actions towards getting what she wants. Sula leaves for 10 years to go to college and give-up the ghost her life beyond the Bottom. When she finally comes plump for, she and Eva get into an argument. Eva brings up her disappointment in Sula for not settling tweak with a family and Sula lashes back with, I dont want to make somebody else. I want to make myself, (92).She displays her aversion to not have anyone dependent on her and she wants to only care for herself. Having a family and a husband, in her opinion, would stop her from getting what she wants or needs and would put herself second in her life. Sula doesnt want to be tied down and oppressed by a man, she wants to be independent and shes not ashamed well-nigh world the only woman wanting her independence . When Nel finally confronts Sula about her affair with Jude, Nel accuses Sula of world uplifted but she responds with What you talking about? I like my own dirt, Nellie.Im not proud, (142). This shows how Nel, along with everyone in the bottom, thinks shes proud or conceded, but in actuality, shes just not ashamed of her decisions or life style. Lois Tyson continues the definition of a liberated woman with the liberated woman has already launch herself and likes what she has f ound. When sula says I like my own dirt she supports Tysons definition because Sula also likes what she has found. Sulas independence, and her pride in world so, fully supports Tysons complete definition of a Liberated Woman.Nels character fits into an Emergent Woman as she comes to an awareness of her own psychological and political oppresion usually through a harsh experience of fundament that makes her ready for change. On Nels trip to meet her grand set out, Nel witnesses her mothers custard being revealed. From thence on Nel resolved to be on guard- always. She precious to make certain that no man ever looked at her that way. That no midnight eyes of marbled flesh would accost her and turn her into jelly (22). humiliated of the jelly or the weak substance custard that Morrison also associates with Helene, Nel makes certain that no man shall look at her, and make her into anything weak. In this secne, she becomes aware of her mothers oppression and makes the decision to nev er allow it in her life. At the end of their trip, Nel lays in bed thinking about the possibility of end point up like her mother. To uphold her independence separate from her mother, Nel states, Im me. Im not their daughter. Im not Nel. Im me. Me, (28).As an Emergent woman, she demonstrates her ability to make her own choices and establish her own independence. Years Later, filled with resentment towards Sula, Nel visits ill Sula in her deathbed. For years, her depression was encouraged by the thought that her husband was taken and now she is alone to take care of her children. She believed it was all Sulas imperfection and she hated her for this, but one sidereal day she confronts Sula about taking Jude away from her, and Sula asks What you mean take him away? I didnt kill him, I just fucked him.If we were such good friends, how come you couldnt get over it? Nel starts to think of the idea of it not being Sulas fault, that Jude was the one who put her through the heart break of being alone. Sula dies and Nel attends her burial. There she realizes that all that time, she thought she was missing Jude, but actually, she mazed her friendship with Sula (174). Their friendship was more supportive than her sum as Sula helped bring out the me in Nel that she lost in her marriage to Jude. Her epiphany helps her to notice how Jude was the one who hurt her , and now she can move on.Toni Morrison portrays Eva quietness as a hang woman. According to bloody shame Helen Washington, a suspended woman is a victim of men and of society as a whole, with few or no options. Morrison starts off Evas story with her discontented marriage to her husband, BoyBoy. BoyBoy liked womanizing best, drinking second, and abusing Eva third, (32). Eva, disappointingly, tolerates all his call out, because of her dependency on BoyBoy. genius day, when he leaves her and their three children, her dependency becomes clear.Being inconsiderate of his familys welfare, he leaves as his wo rst affliction to his wife. Now, abandoned with nearly no money,Eva realizes that the children take her and she needed money, (32). This shows her desperation and how BoyBoy belittled her as she had to beg and rely on the neighbors for basic necessities like food for her children. Her Neighbors were very willing to help, but Eva snarl she would soon run her welcome out and the fact that she had to continue begging, lettered she had ask for enough, embarrassed her.Eva struggles to raise them on her own and one day her son, Plum, stopps having his bowel movements. When all the stress and pressure gets to her, Eva squatted there wondering what was she doing down on her haunches She shook her head as though to juggle her brains around, then said aloud, Uh uh. Nooo,(34). Eva leaves her children with her neighbor for more than a year and comes back with one leg, losing the other for money to care for her children. If BoyBoy had never abused or had leftfield her, she would have never b een a victim and never would have had to contribute her pride and her leg.This proves shes a suspended woman because BoyBoys abuse and abandonment left her with the only option to leave her children and sell her leg, because as a black woman in their society, she had very few options. Toni Morrison exemplifies Mary Helen Washingtons definitions in Nel, Sula, and Eva through out Sula, using their experiences and personalities. Sulas independence, Nels epiphany, and Evas abuse all characterize them into their theatrical role of African American female character, making Sula a Liberated Woman, Nel an Emergent Woman, and Eva a suspended woman.

Effect of Exercise Training During Lactation Essay

The term chose review is Effect of accomplishment cooking on loss of deck up mineral absorption during lactation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exercise slows b unmatched loss from quartette to twenty postpartum. The problem was that during lactation women incite breast milk. After finishing breast feeding overdress potful usually returns to pre pregnancy but not in all and this is the problem. The participants were effectual ,nonsmoking , sedentary ,exclusively breast feeding women with a body mass office of twenty to thirty kg.m.women were not allowed to join if they had cesarean deli genuinely or if the exercise more than two days a week troika months before. There were twenty participants all together. They all were cleared by a physician before participating.The instruments and test used for this essay was for the body theme and bone density they used a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. For the assessment of cardio respiratory fitness and carria ge a sub maximal graded treadmill test was used. For the assessment of dietary intake by twenty four hour recall over the telephone using the nutrition data system for research software. For exercise noise women were randomly assigned to either an EG or a CG. For the statistical analysis data were analyzed with JMP software.The interrogatory procedures were with the body composition a whole- body was given three quantify a week and a step phantom were given one day a week .With the assessment cardio respiratory fitness and ability did sub maximal graded treadmill test were used. Exercise intervention used a complete sixteen week home ground exercise program. The results were The EG lost a lot less LS BMD than CG. They were no nifty differences in total body and hip BMD. Both groups loss rich mass but, EG lost less lean body mass. Maximal strength increased by 34% to 221% for EG in the CG changed from -5.7% to 12%. These results suggest that granting immunity and aerobic e xercise may slow bone loss during lactation.In these experiments I felt like some of the strengths were that this was a good experiment to do. That it would help a lot of women because a lot of women have babies during the time that they are trying to build up bone density. I in like manner like how in depth the experiment went. Strength was that they gave them specific training program that they can do from home. Which I feel is extremely fundamental especially to new born moms. This article is important to me because I myself fatality to be a mom some day and bone density is important to me .My grandmother has osteoporosis so increasing my bone density is very important to me. I think I can use this in my future profession by informing my pregnant patients and mothers that are already breast feeding about this and showing them ways to improve bone density.Work CitedLovelady,C.a,Bopp,M.J,Colleran,H.J,Mackie,H.k.Wideman,L(2009). Effect of Exercise Training on Loss of devise Min eral Density during Lactation.Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise,41(10),1902-1907. http//journals.lww.com/acsm msse/Fulltext/2009/myriad/Effect_of_Exercise_Training_on_Loss_of_Bone.10.aspx

A Good Essay Or Term Paper Essay

1. Answers the questionNo count how interesting or well-written an essay, you leave alone non be given either credit for your efforts unless it answers the question that was educate. Your argument and evidence must be applicable to the question. This is the most important feature of what crops a commodity essay. It must track with the overmaster or the topic(s) posed in the question rubric. Your answer should endorse that you set out understood what the question is asking for, that you strike grasped its key terms, and that you let followed all its instructions.2. Clear buildingAn essay should be like a dandy piece of architecture built on firm foundations to conservatively made plans. The points of your argument should be arranged in some structure which is logical and persuasive. If you ar dealing with a number of issues, the relation amidst them should be clearly explained. The connections between each stage of your argument and the authoritative question shou ld be evident finishedout the essay.3. Appropriate styleFor an academic essay the third person (he, she, or it) rather than the number one person (I) is a more preferable style. Occasional exercise of I may be acceptable if a personal printing has been specifically requested. You should keep your audience in mind. Try to imagine that you are addressing someone who is intelligent and reasonably, notwithstanding not necessarily well-informed in the subject. Remember that your writing should be grammatically accurate. Poor punctuation and languid sentence construction will create a bad impression. multiform tenses and metaphors should be avoided. Spelling mistakes should be corrected. 4. Arguments supported by evidenceEssays should not be just a series of unsupported assertions. You need to set aside some evidence to support them either in the form of literal details, your own reasoning, or the arguments of others. In this latter case, you should always reveal the circumstanc e that you are using someone elses ideas. Provide attribution by using a system of footnotes or endnotes and accurate referencing. Never endeavour to pass off other peoples written terminology as your own. This is called plagiarism a form of intellectual dishonesty which is disadvantageously frowned upon in academic circles.5. Clarity of thoughtOne of the hallmarks of a good essay is that it demonstrates clarity of thought. This may be your ability to identify varied issues and discuss them in a logical manner. It may mean organizing materials into a coherent structure for the essay. It could be saying that you are able to make important distinctions and insights. This may not come easily at first, but with practice it should be possible to gain greater clarity through discipline, selection, and planning.6. Evidence of wide reading and understandingEssays are often set to encourage and direct your reading in a subject. If you show that you have read widely and thoroughly u nderstood the subject you are discussing, you will be demonstrating your competence. The best essays are often produced by people who have taken the trouble to acquaint themselves both with the principal set books and with subsidiary works of commentary and criticism as well. They will often show evidence of intellectual curiosity which has taken them beyond the bounds of what has been overconfident as a minimum.7. OriginalityAn essay will be rewarded with a good mark if it competently reviews all the well-known arguments in a subject and reaches a balanced conclusion. The highest grades however are often given deservedly to essays which display something extra. This may be a demonstration of original ideas or an unusual, imaginative approach. Such essays commonly stand out because of their freshness and the champion of intellectual excitement they convey. But remember that you are not usually required to be original. Your tutor(s) will be perfectly satisfied if you obviously answer their essay questions in a sensible and competent manner.

Banh Chung

Banh chung individually untaughts cuisine isnt simply a habit of take in and drinking, people also consider about the culinary sophistication, assess countrys culture. Referring to Korea, we all know about Kim chi the eminent of Koreas tralatitious viandss and sushi is a famous food of Japan. Similar, Vietnamese are also demand their traditional foods. Beside of ph? , bun bo hu? , or nem nu? ng, Banh chung is also a proud of VietNam.The dictionary definition of Banh chung as a traditional Vietnamese sieve cake which is made from glutinous rice, mung bean, pork and other ingredients. However, it isnt enough to explain the meaning of Banh chung. Behind that simple cake is a long story about familys love. According to the book Linh Nam chich quai (Extraordinary stories of Linh Nam) print in 1695, this cake was created by Lang Lieu- the prince of the sixth Hung Vuong it represents the heart of the child for his begetter and symbolizes the vitality of the universe.According to Lang Lieu, a square cake symbolizes the earth (under the concept of the ancients), and the warm materials to create a cake to show the vitality of all things in universe (animal and plant). This is a traditional cake which every Vietnamese move over in Lunar New Year. We use la dong to introduce the cake in square form before boiling it. mung bean, fatty pork and black pepper, salt, sometimes green onion, and fish behave for spices are sum uped inside the glutinous rice. When eating cake, people like to add fish sauce or eating with c? i? u (tubers procession), dua m? m (cucumber sauce) or salt radish <= c? ki? u Cuisine a manner or style of preparing food ? m th? c Sophistication the complexity tinh t? traditionalistic a custom handed down- truy? n th? ng gummed rice a kind of sweet rice- g? o n? p Vitality an energy, or principle that- s? c s? ng distinongonococcal urethritisishes the living from nonliving Concept a general opinion or understanding khai ni? m Ancient s very old, aged, in the past- ngu? i xua Lunar caused by, or affecting of the moon- am l? ch

Questioning Techniques Essay

A number of look fores conducted recently within the local reach on teaching skills of teachers show that there is a diminution of the quality of classroom teaching of many teachers. The prime reason for this decline, as concluded by many researchers, lies in the problems of the training they receive at pre-service training basiss. For example Lim, Cock, Lock et.al. (2009) state that though there is a practical element of pre-service teacher training, it does not provide enough knowledge and skills for the teachers to handle the challenges they encounter in the classroom brought by globalization and the emergence of modern technology. Because it is the National Colleges of learning that produce the pre-training to majority of teachers their syllabi were analyzed to control that heavy theoretical knowledge go onn by the syllabi deprives the potential teachers of prospect of having enough practical teaching experience during their on campus training. On the some other h and, no unique(predicate) attention is paying(a) on maturation burning(prenominal) teaching skills even though some practical teaching opportunities be given to them.Karaseva (2013) also highlights the importance of giving teachers assistance in acquiring their problems solved in relation to particular teaching skills of which they show weaknesses in. Among those serious teaching skills, skeptical proficiencys are one of the skills to which less attention is compensable during pre- service teacher education. Cotton (1989) says that virtually no attention is paid on perplexing teasing techniques of teachers during their pre-service training period. Further, Aggarwal (2013) highlights the importance of questioning techniques because psychologically and philosophically asked questions help teachers achieving lesson objectives to anticipate level. Therefore, this research broadly aims at developing the questioning techniques of prospective teachers using a widely recognized t echnique and evaluating the efficacy of the used technique in developing teaching skills of prospective teachers. Objectives of the battlefieldTo review the theoretical background of questioning techniques in teaching. To look into the development of questioning techniques of prospective teachers through the latest programme of instruction. To shape out innovative techniques that can be used in change questioning techniques.Methodology/DesignTheoretical background of questioning techniques was reviewed through literature and a check inclination of an orbit was used to determine the current states of questioning techniques employed by prospective teachers in their lessons. It was get on expected to use the checklist to determine how far the existing methodology of instruction is satisfactory of developing questioning techniques. The check list focused broadly on general aspects of questioning such as tone and truth of questions and specific skills such as eliciting, prob ing and Socratic questions. Lessons were videotaped for further abridgment and at the same time descriptive field notes were kept by the researcher for recording and analyzing the questioning techniques employed by prospective teachers. Peer throng members too observed the lessons and used an observation schedule to record and chit chat on the questioning techniques used by their colleagues. An available convenience test of 30 prospective teachers of English was selected for the research and two lessons of each member were observed using the check list. From the 30 teachers observed, 12 were selected to conduct lessons in the classroom for the peer group. Half the peer group acted as students magic spell the rest was observing the lesson using the observation schedule. Therefore, the data gathering instruments of the research include a checklist, field notes, an observation schedule, videotaping and lesson plans prepared by prospective teachers. Results/FindingsWhen the theori es cerebrate to questioning techniques were analyzed it was understood that Blooms Taxonomy provides congruous guidance for teachers in selecting, grading and using questions to develop the cognitive ambit of students(Bloom et.al. cited in Huitt, 2011). Doff, (1988) Alexis,( 2009) and Hyman, (1982) add the importance of endure time to classification of questions jibe to Blooms Taxonomy. They prove that longer wait time encourages decisive thinking. When literature is further analyzed it was understood that probing questions are really important for the subject taught by prospective teachers, i.e. English language as probing questions demand authentic language production (Stepien, 2012). With the light of the theories related to questioning techniques, results of check lists were analyzed with comparisons to the field notes of observed lessons. The results of check list show that prospective teachers use tone appropriately in ask questions which is further verified by the field notes.Though high tag were noticed for the accuracy of questions in the checklist field notes and observation schedules record wrong questions especially in complex structures such as, Can you tell me what is this influence? There were five sections of the check list out of which probing questions enter the least marks for a greater majority of the prospective teachers. This was further noticed in field notes and observation schedules because only a few such questions had been recorded. instructors seemed to be happy with the received questions or directly rectify the inappropriate answers without attempting to probe into the answer. When research conducted to develop teaching skills were studied it was establish out that Micro precept has provided effective results in international setting in developing skills such as class control and classroom managementConclusionsProspective teachers should be encouraged to preplan their questions whenever possible to increase the ac curacy of them because inaccurate questions lead to misconceptualization. New strategies must be employed to give more training to prospective teachers to develop aspects such as wait time, using probing questions because the existing method has not been able to develop those aspects of questioning. Micro Teaching is suggested to be used in developing questioning techniques since it has been successful in many other situations in developing some(prenominal) other teaching skills such as class control and classroom management.Reference1. Aggarwal, J. C. 2013. Essentials of Educational Technology. Innovations inTeaching Learning. Dlhi, Vikas Publishing house Pvt. Ltd. 2. Alexis, 2009. A Questioning Strategy, Power of Wait clock/Think Time. Retrieved from http//schoolvisitexperts.com/?p=563 on 10.02.2014. 3. petition Questions to Improve Listening. The Teaching Center. Washington University.(2009)Retrieved fromhttp//teachingcenter.wustl.edu/strategies/Pages/asking-questions.aspx on 12.02.2014 4. Beare, K. (N.D.) Speaking Skills Asking Questions. About.com English as 2nd Language. (Retrieved on 13.02.2014) 5. Cotton, K. 1989. Classroom Questioning. School usefulness Research Series. NorthwestRegionalEducationalLaboratory.http//www.nwrel.org/scpd/sirs/3/cu5. html. 6. Doff,A. 1988. Teach English A Training fertilise for Teachers. Trainers Hand Book. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. 7. Fries-Geither, J. 2008 Why Ask Questions? The Ohio State University. Ohio 8. Hyman, 1982. Teaching Methods. Questioning in the Classroom. How to Ask Questions. Retrieved from,http//www.teaching.iub.edu/finder/wrapper.php%3Finc_id%3Ds2_1_lect_04_quest.shtml on 14.02.2014 9. Innovations and Initiatives in Teacher Education in Asia and the pacific Region. (1990).(Vol-II).Bangkok, UNESCO Principal Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific 10. Marzano, R. Pickering, D. and Pollock, J. 2001. Classroom Instruction That Works Research-based strategies for increasing student achiev ement. Alexandria, VA Association for inspection and Curriculum Development. 11. Professional Development among Academic Staff at Selected Malaysian Public Universities Preliminary Findings of the Impact of the Basic Teaching Methodology Courses, external Journal of Business and Social Science 2(3) 2011.p.125 12. Research Scholar. An Experimental Study to Find Out the Effectiveness of Some Micro Teaching Skills in Teaching Geography at the Secondary Level. West Bengal, Rabindra Bharati University. 13. Rowe, M.B. (n.d.) Wait Time Slowing Down May Be A Way of travel Up. Journal of Teacher Education. 1986 37 43 Retrieved from, http//jte.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/1/43 on 13.02.2014 14. Shomoossi, N(2004),.The effect of teachers questioning behavior on EFL classroom inter action mechanism A classroom research study, The Reading Matrix, 4 pp. 9610415. Yang, C.C.R. (2010)Teacher questions in second language classrooms An investigating of three case studies, Asian EFL Journal, 12 (1) (2010), pp. 181201Declaration Form for equal AuthorTitle of the abstract Asking Questions the Right way an analysis of the questioning techniques employed by prospective teachers. (Current state of an ongoing action research to develop the questioning techniques of prospective teachers) unwrap of authors R.M.D. RohanAddress of institution where the melt was carried out Pasdunrata National College of Education KalutaraName of the supervisor Prof. Manjula VithanapathiranaI declare that the above abstract reports the results of original research work and that the work reported in the abstract has not been published or presented elsewhere.Name & Signature of the Corresponding Author R.M.D. Rohan Address Pasdunrata National College of Education Kalutara DateSupervisors signature