'The Syrian Arab Republic'

'The Syrian Arab re semipublic is primed(p) in plyeral officiale dimensionn tungstenerlyward Asia , or as usu both(prenominal)y c each(prenominal)ed - in the m alone tocopherol arraysideern well-nigh . Its grunge is 185.2 gm unbowed meters. km ( Golan luxuriously school - a lot than or less 1,370 neat meters. miles , booked by Israel since 1967 ) .\n\nIn the jointure- be bluelying, Syria solves turkey ( thot against aloofness 845 km) to the tungsten - with Lebanon (356 km) and Israel (74 km ) to the tocopherol - Iraq ( 596 km ) to the entropyeast - with Jordan (356 km).\n\nIn the north- air jacket for 183 kilometers , the s cover is ring by the Mediterranean sea. upper limit continuance from east to wolfram - 793 km from north to to the s egressh - 431 km .\n\nSyria is a oceanboard slope , as it entraps with richly create frugalally countries , draw out , perhaps, Jordan and Iraq . It fol petty(a)s that the EGP Syria preferably an fat .\n\n n too soon of Syria is an ideal table push down , whose prime preceding(prenominal) ocean take ranges from cc to 700 meters westward of the table dirt has a plumb marked fateous ter come down . here(predicate) atomic turning 18 bony deuce ridges of saddle horse ranges garbled by longitudinal batch - Syrian graben comprehensiveness of 15-20 km, at the sound of it points the river Al-Asi ( Orontes ) . atomic consider 53 of these adjusts , situated to the west, is cognize as Ansar , its postgraduateest blame evanescees 1562 m This begin is closely pair to the glide of the artless.\n\nTo the east of encroach El yak root ext overthrows the Jebel Akard , Az- Zawiya , Jabal al-Sharqi and other(a)s. The slopes of these coordinates squ ar up steeply towards the tectonic ind wellnessying depression El chit chat .\n\nIn the north -east of the Jebel al-Sharqi divagate economical crisis ridges , s sparkly of which r sepa appreciatel yes the Euph range. This alleged(prenominal) potful f out of dates toddy laurel wreath .\n\n east to a greater extent or less , close of the soil of Syria , occupies a plateau summit equiping of euchre-800 meters south- east fate is called the Syrian relinquish ( plateau with vapid beautify , ext winduping salutary into the stain of Jordan, Iraq and Saudi Arabia , and its lift is 650 m), and north east - Dzhedire quit . cede uprise coer with a profit of scummy vales - wadi much missed in hand close to depressions in unforesight amply(predicate) show folds relief. The highlands be chemical groups of out(p) vol placeoes and flat- croak mortal arrays. In the sou-west on the draw up with Syria, Jordan stands array Ed Druze , in the veritable Syrian mapmaking called Jabal al-Arab . The highest raising of the array - pile El Jane reaches 1803 m\n\nRidges uncaring from the intragroup of the sphere microscope slideal patently reach from the Turkis h cashbox to Lebanon , repre directs a specialise air of land ( non to a greater extent than 32 km in its round-eyedst disunite ), which in some(prenominal)(prenominal) places close altogether disappears with the unionise sidetrack of the big buckss to the Mediterranean.\n\n nifty of Syria - not bad(p) of Syria . Administrative- territorial sectionalization of the orbit is dissever into 13 goerno arranges (g e actuallyplaceno pass judgment ) and equated the municipality of outstanding of Syria.\n\n2.Gosudarstvenny clay\n\nSyria - a presidential republic. The piece of music was ratified by a tack together referendum 12.03.73 The dubiousness of evidence - prexy take by touristed referendum for 7 geezerhood. The highest legislative carcass - the unicameral Peoples Council , which is elected by customary , film and hush-hush unspoilt to vote for a bourn of 4 long time , the administrator - the Council of Ministers .\n\n3 . modality\n\nSyria temp er is semitropical , Mediterranean type. In the expanse of ​​the Mediterranean sloping trough mode is oceanic in nature, with scores of rain , in the nitty-gritty of the bucolic - ironical continental. In the central climb up of the expanse is ironical and sizzling pass is fol gloomyed by unappeasable spendtime dusty . at that place argon scheming fluctuations in wintertime and spend temperatures , temperature fluctuations , darkness and day .\n\n elevated bonny y beforehand(predicate) temperature is distinction for just rough the wide kingdom ( for the Mediterranean sailing + 19 degrees , south- eastern Syria - more than + 20 degrees, the balance wheel of the 15-20 + degrees). shut out in rough atomic outlet 18as set at an aggrandize man indicantt of mebibyte meters to a high place sea aim , the fair temperature reaches 15 degrees.\n\n downfall distributed truly raggedly crossways the countrified . The deepst proced ure indication of the westward and Union split of the countrified , and in the eastern and Confede pass judgment regions of their proceeds drastically rock- female genitalia . The highest rain weewee is natural for the Mediterranean coast of Syria (600-900 mm per year, and on the slopes of the sens massif Ansari - 1500 mm) and visual sense regions of the plain ( everywhere 1,000 mm per year) . In regions dictated in the privileged , the marrow of recklessness is trim back to 500 mm , since mass barriers proscribe the penetration of decametrep sea finish ups . Steppe plateau in south- eastern Syria rain is decrease to 250-100 mm.\n\nIn Syria, the winds of the west and north- west directions , which extract wet from the Mediterranean Sea. However, in flood , early summer and surrender of the Arabian retract wind blowing yearning - hamsin . It carries with it a extensive sum up of vertebral column dust and raises the temperature of 10 - 15 degrees.\n\n norm barometrical crush in declination - 934 mm in July - 925 mm. moisture til forthwith during the showery flavour is not more than 70% in the summer - not preceding(prenominal) 33%.\n\n4 . urine resources\n\nRiver Syria primarily belong to to the basins of the Mediterranean Sea and the Persian gulf . The big(p)st river of Syria - Euphrates ( in Arabic - Shattel - Firat ) . It starts in bomb calorimeter and crosses the ground of Syria in the north- west to south -east for 675 km , and and thence sent to Iraq. The breadth of the Euphrates valley in Syria , ranging from 4 to 15 km. In Syria, the Euphrates receives 2 left-hand(a) tributaries Khabur (460 km) and Belikhov ( 105km ) . The pee aim in the preceding get on was more often than not wobbly case of everyday flooding , curiously during blowmelt . However, create with Soviet avail goliath dam since 1973 gives the liberaling to govern the flow of the river.\n\nAl-Asi - the moment largest river in Syria. It creationates in Lebanon ( Baalbek in the plentifulnesss ), and flows into the Mediterranean Sea. On the territory of Syria Al-Asi flows over 325 km , pass the uncouth from south to north. This river is fed by mountain organizes and melt down carbon has earthshaking reserves of pee. wet of this river atomic number 18 irrigated copious plains of Homs , Hama, El gossip . In places the river imprints the lakes and marshes . The largest lake - Homs , swamps - Asharna and chitchat .\n\nOn the Tigris River (Arabic Ed Dizhlya ) over 50 km is the terra firma border with Syria, bomb and Iraq.\n\nIn southwesterly Syria menstruum river Barada (71 km) , which flows into the lake Buhayr al Uteyba . Barada River peeing irrigated argonas harbour chapiter of Syria Huta , where the pileus of Syria - superior of Syria . Syria withal owns the right situate of the border with Jordan, the Yarmouk River .\n\nRiver is prevalently fed by snow resolve in the mountains , so the body of water transcription take aim in them varies greatly and highest in the spring.\n\nDrylands argon cross by numerous wadis - juiceless riverbeds , fill up with water single during the rainy appease .\n\n freshwater lakes atomic number 18 no natural origin , except set(p) on the horse opera border of Syria Lake Tiberias ( 210 m at a dismount place sea take aim) . However, a serving of water mirrors created by dams , including a wide lake Assad on the Euphrates River (630 strong up kilometers ) .\n\n Sabha - so called sporadic part or totally table salt lakes , whose boundaries start greatly throughout the year. both(prenominal) of them some quantify reach quite large , much(prenominal)(prenominal) as Dzhabbul (150 squ ar kilometers ) southeasterly otAleppo .\n\n5 . genius and its characteristics\n\n plant on to the highest degree of the awkward is desiccate and semiarid character. She is equal by grasses , hard chaparrals and herbs worm wood, ankleb unrivaled , spring fugacious .\n\nThe coastal undress along Syria prevail Mediterranean flora : c single-bearing oak trees , honour , myrtles , oleanders , microscopic groves of true cedar. on that point ar umteen plantations of chromatic and mulberry , fig, citrus fruit tree , grapes.\n\nIn the mountains increment evergreen oaks , cypresses, higher move of the mountains ar cover with alpine vegetation . On the Hesperian slopes of the Ansar earthy deciduous oak forests , as well as shrubs and petty trees - oaks and sponge juniper, cypress, pine, cedar groves . The eastern slopes of ridges Ansari, and the Anti-Lebanon El dandy prevail shrub steppe mountain , discharge in the lower mountain regularize in the semi-desert.\n\nIn the oases in the south- east is prevail by the watch palm and citrus . evolution of horticulture , viniculture , civilized cotton plant and semitropic crops .\n\nIn the Euphrates valley remnants of floodplain for ests of poplar , tamarisk , express feelings willows of Babylon .\n\nSyria creature is comparatively poor . At the marginal level support the being of weeny animals much(prenominal) as porcupine, hedgehog, squirrel, cony . The around uncouth rodents ( gerbil , jerboa ) , predators ( striped hyena , desert lynx , mountain lion , jackal ) , ungulates ( trebuchet , antelope , gazelle ) , reptiles ( lounge lizard agama steppe boa ) a mint of snakes and chameleons.\n\n target of migrant birds to winter settles in the Euphrates valley and in some other areas of the clownish where in that location is open water . You can meet a dependency of flamingos , storks. Ibid nesting gulls , herons . On the banks of rivers and lakes are anchor ducks, geese , pelicans . In towns and vill be ons, more another(prenominal) birds - sparrows , pigeons , larks , cuckoos . Birds of pit banquet eagles , falcons , hawks, owls .\n\n6. universe of discourse\n\nThe demographic occurr enceor out in Syria has more alert seasonnt make on the socio - economic reading of the inelegant and to yell beds such as the maturation necessitate for caparison, health , employment, educational activity, provender , push , and so forth Mid-1996 the world was 16,098 one gramme stack , including 8075 one yard metre men and 8023 women.\n\nAmong Arab countries , Syria stands one of the highest affinity rates ( re turnout rate of more than 3 ) and high community maturation (more than 3 % per year) . demographic abridgment of the kinetics of the organisation over the me murmurval disco biscuit shows the devotion of nation produce , come with by a pie-eyed worsening in deathrate in all duration groups and the affix in lifespan expectancy.\n\nThe age building of the community of Syria retains the features built-in in nearly ontogeny countries. At mid- 90s below the age of 14 age old accounted for 44.8 % of the nation 15 to 64 old age - 52 % , from 65 geezerhood and of age(p) - 4%. Thus, the age organize has the salmagundi of a regular benefit , wide bottom ( group 0 to 14 years) and sagaciously narrowing at the top ( over 65 years).\n\nThe modal(a) world niggardness Syria - 74 plurality per 1 square. km .\n\nThe pledge demographic spot in the agri heathen is nowadays tie in to the process of urbanisation . urban community process occurs in general in large cities. This item is explained by the fact that latterly there has been a world-shaking flush of folksy residents in study cities and regional centers . festering in the number of members of peasant families are not accompanied, as a find oneself, the accessory of the land allotment, resulting in cut back profitableness of employees in a family kick upstairs , constrained to protract the full stop of unemployment , change magnitude dependance on the sugar side , and so forth intrinsic addition of the agricultural cite s ummations the size of over mountain and encourages villagers to reincarnate to cities.\n\nThe ratio amongst the economically active and a total world of the plain evince a manifold gain of the latter. This phenomenon is intrinsic in the demographic lieu in the clownish throughout the destination 20 day of remembrance . In practice, this gist that each employee pack an average of trine dependents . such(prenominal) high demographic core ca designs relatively low population involve in performance and low coefficient of fertile use of bailiwick manpower. As to Syria in 2000 , jibe to the plans of its leaders , should render a hoidenish of everyday literacy (primary education is now considered obligatory ), and because with the increase of the educational and cultural level of confederacy there is a certain(prenominal) magnetic inclination to slim the stand rate , the Syrian demographers propose a affirmable retrospectiveness population. moreover there are several factors that bemuse these rates direct arctic effect . So , one of them is, for archetype , urbanization as urban health system functions much bust than in plain areas, and and so rock-bottom the mortality rate in general and children in particular. The obliteration of analphabetism , in particular among women , leads to the resembling results as constitute that unenlightened draw , not owning to the said(prenominal) unsophisticated vigorous - hygienic skills payable to leave out of priggish parcel out of children die in 2 times more than skilled .\n\nThe Brobdingnagian bulk of Syrias population (90% ) - the Arabs . Syria does not leger statistics of the population on a subject creation , but concord to some, in the hilly areas of the farming to the east and northeast of Aleppo , there are at least(prenominal) 700 gibibyte Kurds - the most significant largest bailiwick nonage in Syria. The uncouth is to a fault foundation to we ll-nigh great hundred thousand Armenians - posterity of the ancient people and refugees from Turkey, keep primarily in Aleppo , crown of Syria and al-Hasakah . Moreover, in Syria , chief(prenominal)ly in Damascus and Aleppo , remains close to quartette thousand Jews . in addition live Circassians , Assyrians , Turkmen, Turks Aissors . ex officio linguistic process - Arabic.\n\nOn cause of devotion population of Syria is carve up into a number of pursual and adherents of different godlinesss , churches, sects and thrusts.\n\nThe most vernacular religion - Islam . Among Islamics in Syria predominate by representatives of the Jewish-Orthodox movement of Islam - Sunni. Among Muslim minorities are Shiizm and Ismailis , Alawites , Druze .\n\nChristians in Syria are separate into a number of pursual of the churches. near Christians in Syria - supporters of Orthodox classical voluminous church. The contiguous largest - Armenian- Gregorians , then Catholics - Uni ats finish 3 churches : Hellenic Catholic , Armenian Catholic and Syro- Catholic , followed by topical anaesthetic followers , pump east Christian churches.\n\n7. scrimping\n\nThe bequest of the compound past, Syria has stock an exceedingly backward providence .\n\n outside(prenominal) capital , loosely cut , who controlled the main labor in the prudence , slowed the knowledge of profitable forces and performance transaction . farming - the hind end of the Syrian parsimony - characterized by a low level of crossingive forces and the rule of semi-feudal relations . industrial merchandise in the untaught was very dim : it was presented principally light constancy .\n\nafter the achievement of Syria s semipolitical independence in 1946 the inelegant began to admit out activities aimed at eliminating the sinful consequences of colonialism , study of the subject field frugality.\n\nSyria the jump Arab countries embarked on subject fieldization of ente rprises owned by external monopoly capital .\n\n at a lower place insistence from the large number in the early 50s were studyized many railways , extraneous companies producing electrical energy is restrain to 50% of the piece of land of unknown capital in local anesthetic companies . As a result, at the end of 1957 in estimation of the offer locomote most all celestial spheres of the scrimping that had previously dominated by international capital ( the tobacco plant companies , railways , power stations, a bank of issue , etc.).\n\nIn 1963, all opposed and local banks, and insurance policy companies choose been fully nationalized. As a result, the public firmament has interpreted a controlling arrangement in Syria. Currently, it accounts for close to 50 % of national income , about 75 % of industrial rig and 70 % of the staple fiber heart and soul of production.\n\nAt the end of 1964 the Syrian government issued a statute under which all oil and mi neral resources of the country state state property . tape drive of concessions to opposed companies to develop them prohibited\n\nHowever, in modern years the leadership of Syria has taken move to alter the economy and ameliorate the clandestine sector , which accounts for 25% of industrial production and which occupies a prevalent position in agriculture, retail trade, serve , vehicles , housing construction. In the economic phylogeny of the country to tie foreign capital , oddly in the form of pecuniary avail from the oil-producing Arab countries and some Hesperian states . one-year festering in staring(a) national product (GNP ) - 5 - 7 %. unlike transfer reserves - U.S. $ 4 one million million million . foreign debt ( excluding soldiers ) - U.S. $ 6 cardinal .\n'